- 2003
MBA - Complexity Theory and Quality Improvement in HealthcareComplexity and Management Center, University of Hertfordshire
- 1987
ResidentFamily Medicine, Programs in Rochester, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
- 1987
Resident - Family MedicineMayo Graduate School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
- 1984
MDMayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
- 1978
Undergraduate Studies - German Language Studies between attendance at Dartmouth College and Mayo Medical School.Goethe Institute
- 1974
BA - PhilosophyDartmouth College
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Undergraduate Studies - Off-Campus term while attending Dartmouth College.University of Edinburgh