متلازمة الجيب المريض

21 مايو 2026
  1. Issa ZF. Sinus node dysfunction. In: Clinical Arrhythmology and Electrophysiology: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease. 3rd ed. Elsevier; 2019. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Feb. 15, 2022.
  2. Homoud MK. Sinus node dysfunction: Epidemiology, etiology, and natural history. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Feb. 15, 2022.
  3. Homoud MK. Sinus node dysfunction: Treatment. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Feb. 15, 2022.
  4. Homoud MK. Sinus node dysfunction: Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Feb. 15, 2022.
  5. Libby P, et al., eds. Genetics of cardiac arrhythmias. In: Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 12th ed. Elsevier; 2022. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Feb. 15, 2022.
  6. Kusumoto FM, et al. 2018 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline on the evaluation and management of patients with bradycardia and cardiac conduction delay: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2018; doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.10.044.
  7. Hayes DL. Permanent cardiac pacing: Overiew of devices and indications. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Feb. 15, 2022.
  8. Pacemakers. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/pacemakers. Accessed Feb. 15, 2022.
  9. Ablation for arrhythmias. American Heart Association. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/arrhythmia/prevention--treatment-of-arrhythmia/ablation-for-arrhythmias. Accessed Feb. 15, 2022.
  10. Heart-healthy lifestyle changes. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/heart-healthy-living. Accessed Feb. 15, 2022.
  11. Medical review (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. Feb. 15, 2022.
  12. How the heart works. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/how-heart-works. Accessed Feb. 15, 2022.