مقدمات السكري

07 أكتوبر 2026
  1. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes —2021. Diabetes Care. 2020; doi:10. 2337/dc21-Sint.
  2. Prediabetes ⸺ Your chance to prevent type 2 diabetes. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/prediabetes.html. Accessed Oct. 18, 2021.
  3. The surprising truth about prediabetes. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/library/features/truth-about-prediabetes.html. Accessed Oct. 18, 2021.
  4. Diabetes: 12 warning signs that appear on your skin. American Academy of Dermatology Association. https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/diabetes-warning-signs. Accessed Oct. 22, 2021.
  5. Insulin resistance and prediabetes. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes/prediabetes-insulin-resistance. Accessed Oct. 18, 2021.
  6. Type 2 diabetes. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes/type-2-diabetes. Accessed Oct. 18, 2021.
  7. Diabetes tests and diagnosis. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/tests-diagnosis. Accessed Oct. 20, 2021.
  8. Rett K, et al. Understanding prediabetes: Definition, prevalence, burden and treatment options for an emerging disease. Current Medical Research and Opinion. 2019: doi:10.1080/03007995.2019.1601455.
  9. Mahat RK, et al. Health risks and interventions in prediabetes: A review. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2019; doi:0.1016/j.dsx.2019.07.041.
  10. Wallace AS, et al. Screening and diagnosis of prediabetes and diabetes in US children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2020; doi:10.1542/peds.2020-0265.
  11. Magge SN, et al. Evaluation and treatment of prediabetes in youth. Journal of Pediatrics. 2020; doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.12.061.
  12. Physical activity guidelines for Americans. 2nd ed. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://health.gov/our-work/nutrition-physical-activity/physical-activity-guidelines/current-guidelines. Accessed Oct. 18, 2021.
  13. Natural medicines in the clinical management of diabetes. Natural Medicines. https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com. Accessed Oct. 19, 2021.
  14. About metabolic syndrome. American Heart Association. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/metabolic-syndrome/about-metabolic-syndrome. Accessed Oct. 20, 2021.
  15. Cigarette smoking: A risk factor for type 2 diabetes. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/health-effects-tobacco-use/cigarette-smoking-risk-factor-type-2-diabetes. Accessed Oct. 20, 2021.
  16. Polycystic ovary syndrome. OASH Office on Women's Health. https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/polycystic-ovary-syndrome. Accessed Oct. 22, 2021.
  17. Medical review (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. Oct. 23, 2021.