حساسية النيكل

05 سبتمبر 2026
  1. Tramontana M, et al. Nickel allergy: Epidemiology, pathomechanism, clinical patterns, treatment and prevention programs. Endocrine, Metabolic and Immune Disorders — Drug Targets. 2020; doi:10.2174/1871530320666200128141900.
  2. Nickel allergy. American Osteopathic College of Dermatology. https://www.aocd.org/page/NickelAllergy. Accessed April 30, 2021.
  3. Nickel allergy: How to avoid exposure and reduce symptoms. American Academy of Dermatology. https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/eczema/insider/nickel-allergy. Accessed April 30, 2021.
  4. Burks AW, et al. Contact dermatitis. In: Middleton's Allergy: Principles and Practice. 9th ed. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed April 30, 2021.
  5. Ahlstrom MG, et al. Nickel allergy and allergic contact dermatitis: A clinical review of immunology, epidemiology, exposure, and treatment. Contact Dermatitis. 2019; doi:10.1111/cod.13327.