- E. coli infection (Escherichia coli). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/index.html. Accessed March 26, 2025.
- Goldman L, et al., eds. Escherichia coli enteric infections. In: Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 27th ed. Elsevier; 2024. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed March 26, 2025.
- Holtz LR, et al. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli: Treatment and prevention. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed March 26, 2025.
- Diarrhea. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/diarrhea. Accessed March 26, 2025.
- Medical review (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. April 2, 2025.