لسعة النحل

إعداد فريق مايو كلينك
16 سبتمبر 2026
  1. Raukar NP. Stings and bites. In: Mayo Clinic First-Aid Guide for Outdoor Adventures. Mayo Clinic Press; 2024.
  2. Thompson DA. Bee sting. In: Adult Telephone Protocols: Office Version. 5th ed. American Academy of Pediatrics; 2022.
  3. AskMayoExpert. Stinging insect allergy. Mayo Clinic; 2023.
  4. Bakes KM, et al., eds. Bites and stings. In: Emergency Medicine Secrets. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2022. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed June 3, 2024.
  5. Buttaravoli P, et al., eds. Hymenoptera (bee, wasp, hornet) envenomation. In: Minor Emergencies. 4th ed. Elsevier; 2022. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed June 3, 2024.
  6. Walls RM, et al., eds. Venomous animal injuries. In: Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 10th ed. Elsevier; 2023. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed June 3, 2024.
  7. Fowler GC, et al., eds. Anaphylaxis. In: Pfenninger and Fowler's Procedures for Primary Care. 4th ed. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed May 14, 2024.
  8. Herness J, et al. Arthropod bites and stings. American Family Physician. www.aafp.org/afp.
  9. Prescribing epinephrine for anaphylaxis self-treatment. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed June 5, 2024.
  10. Medical review (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. June 17, 2024.