Bunions

To find out if you have a bunion, your health care professional asks you about your symptoms and checks your foot. After the physical exam, an X-ray of your foot can help determine the best way to treat it.

Treatment choices for a bunion vary. They depend on how severe your bunion is and how much pain it causes.

Simple changes and medicines

Often, surgery is not needed to relieve the pain and pressure of a bunion. Your health care team may recommend options such as:

• Different shoes. Wear roomy, comfortable shoes that give your toes plenty of space.
• Padding. Bunion pads or cushions that aren't medicated may help ease your pain. They can act as a buffer between your foot and your shoe. You can buy the bunion pads or cushions without a doctor's prescription.
• Medicines. Acetaminophen (Tylenol, others), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) or naproxen sodium (Aleve) can help you control the pain of a bunion. Cortisone shots also might help.
• Shoe inserts. Padded shoe inserts can help spread out pressure evenly when you move your feet. This eases your symptoms and may slow your bunion from progressing. Supports sold at the store without a prescription can relieve some people's symptoms. Other people need prescription shoe inserts called orthotic devices.
• Use of ice or an ice pack. You can ice your bunion after you've been on your feet a long time or if the bunion becomes inflamed. The coldness can help relieve soreness and swelling. Don't place ice directly on your skin. Wrap it in a towel first. Then use it for 15 to 20 minutes at a time. If you have reduced feeling or blood flow problems with your feet, check with your health care team before you use ice.

Surgery

You might need surgery if simpler treatments don't ease your symptoms. Surgery is recommended only when a bunion causes you frequent pain or limits your daily activities. Usually, it's not done to improve how your foot looks.

There are many surgeries for bunions. No one technique is best for every problem.

Surgeries for bunions can be done as single procedures or in combination. They might involve:

• Removing the swollen tissue from around the big toe joint.
• Straightening the big toe by removing part of the bone.
• Realigning one or more bones in the forefoot to correct the irregular angle in the big toe joint.
• Joining the bones of the affected joint for good.

Depending on the surgery done, you might be able to walk on your foot right after a bunion procedure. But a full recovery often takes up to six months.

To keep another bunion from forming, you'll need to wear proper shoes. Most people shouldn't expect to wear narrower shoes after surgery.

Talk to a member of your health care team about what you can expect after bunion surgery.

You'll likely start by seeing your primary care doctor. Or you might see a foot doctor called a podiatrist or an orthopedic foot specialist.

What you can do

Prepare a list of questions before your appointment. This helps you make the most of your time with your health care team. Your questions might include:

• What's causing my foot problems?
• Is this condition likely to last a short time or a long time?
• What treatment do you recommend?
• Is surgery right for me? Why or why not?
• Are there other self-care steps that might help?
• What are the potential benefits, risks and complications of bunion surgery?

Feel free to ask any other questions during your visit.

What to expect from your doctor

Some questions your health care professional might ask include:

• When did your foot problems start?
• How much pain do you have in your foot?
• Where is the pain?
• What, if anything, seems to improve your symptoms?
• What, if anything, appears to make your symptoms worse?
• What type of shoes do you wear?
• If surgery is considered, what are your expectations?