麻木感是指身体某一部分失去感觉。麻木感还用于描述其他感觉变化，如灼热感、刺痛感或麻痛感。麻木感可能沿着身体一侧的单条神经出现。或者麻木感可能在身体两侧出现。无力通常由其他状况引起，常被误认为是麻木感。
麻木感由神经损伤、刺激或压迫引起。可能有单条神经分支或多条神经受到影响。例如背部的椎间盘突出或手腕部的腕管综合征。某些疾病（如糖尿病）或毒素（如化疗或酒精）可能损伤更长、更敏感的神经纤维。其中包括通往脚部的神经纤维。
麻木感通常会影响大脑和脊髓外的神经。如果这些神经受到影响，可能导致手臂、腿部、手部和脚部没有感觉。
麻木感本身或与疼痛或其他不适感相关的麻木感通常并非危及生命的状况所致。在某些情况下，可能与卒中或肿瘤等状况有关。
医疗护理专业人员需要关于您症状的详细信息，以诊断您出现麻木感的病因。在开始治疗之前，可能需要进行多种类型的检查来确认病因。
导致麻木感可能的病因包括：
麻木感可能有多种原因。其中大多无害，但有些可能危及生命。
拨打 911 或寻求紧急医疗救助
如果您出现以下麻木感状况，请前往医院急诊科或拨打 911 或当地急救电话：
- 突然出现。
- 在近期头部受伤后出现。
- 影响整条手臂或腿部。
如果您的麻木感伴有以下情况，也请寻求紧急医疗护理：
- 无力或瘫痪。
- 意识模糊。
- 说话困难。
- 头晕。
- 突然剧烈头痛。
如果出现以下情况，您可能需要接受 CT 扫描或 MRI：
- 您曾头部受过伤。
- 您的医生怀疑是脑肿瘤或卒中，或是需要排除这些情况。
安排就医
如果您出现以下麻木感状况，请前往医疗护理专业人员处就诊：
- 逐渐开始或加重。
- 影响身体两侧。
- 反复出现。
- 似乎与某些任务或活动有关，尤其是重复动作。
- 只影响肢体的一部分，例如脚趾或手指。
显示参考文献
- Numbness. Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/symptoms-of-neurologic-disorders/numbness#. Accessed March 30, 2023.
- Stroke. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/stroke#. Accessed March 30, 2023.
- Jankovic J, et al., eds. Disorders of peripheral nerves. In: Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice. 8th ed. Elsevier; 2022. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed March 30, 2023.
- Raynaud's phenomenon. American College of Rheumatology. https://www.rheumatology.org/I-Am-A/Patient-Caregiver/Diseases-Conditions/Raynauds-Phenomenon. Accessed March 30, 2023.
- Numbness or tingling. National Multiple Sclerosis Society. https://www.nationalmssociety.org/Symptoms-Diagnosis/MS-Symptoms/Numbness. Accessed March 30, 2023.
- Neuropathy. American Diabetes Association. https://diabetes.org/diabetes/neuropathy. Accessed March 30, 2023.
- Cerebral aneurysms. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/cerebral-aneurysms?search-term=cerebral%20aneurysm#. Accessed March 31, 2023.
- Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/arteriovenous-malformations-avms?search-term=arteriovenous#. Accessed March 31, 2023.
- Briemberg HR, et al. Approach to the patient with sensory loss. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed March 30, 2023.
- Park JK, et al. Vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma). https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed March 31, 2023.
- Amyloidosis. Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/endocrine-and-metabolic-disorders/amyloidosis/amyloidosis?query=amyloidosis#. Accessed March 31, 2023.
- Brain tumor. Cancer.Net. https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/brain-tumor/view-all. Accessed March 31, 2023.
- Spinal trauma. Merck Manual Professional Version. http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/injuries_poisoning/spinal_trauma/spinal_trauma.html. Accessed March 31, 2023.
- Spinal tumors. American Association of Neurological Surgeons. https://www.aans.org/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Spinal-Tumors/. Accessed March 31, 2023.
- Brachial plexus injuries. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/brachial-plexus-injuries. Accessed March 31, 2023.
- Ferri FF. Frostbite. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2023. Elsevier; 2023. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed March 31, 2023.
- Symptoms overview. National Fabry Disease Foundation. https://www.fabrydisease.org/index.php/about-fabry-disease/fabry-disease-symptoms-overview. Accessed March 31, 2023.
- Fabry disease. National Kidney Foundation. https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/fabry. Accessed March 31, 2023.
- Shingles. National Institute on Aging. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/shingles#:~:text=Most%20cases%20of%20shingles%20last,a%20red%20rash%20will%20appear. Accessed March 31, 2023.
- Burke CR. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of thoracic aortic aneurysm. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed March 31, 2023.
Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/symptoms/numbness/basics/definition/sym-20050938