怀孕期间，缺铁性贫血风险会增加。缺铁性贫血是指体内的健康红细胞不足，无法向身体组织输送充足氧气。了解孕期贫血的原因以及如何预防。
身体需要铁才能合成血红蛋白。血红蛋白是一种把氧气运送到身体组织的蛋白质。怀孕期间，您体内的血量会增加，您所需的铁元素的量也会增加。您的身体使用铁元素制造更多的血液来为您的宝宝提供氧气。如果您没有足够的铁元素储备，或者在孕期没有摄入足够的铁元素，您可能会患上缺铁性贫血。
孕期患严重缺铁性贫血会增加早产的风险（在怀孕满 37 周之前分娩）。孕期患缺铁性贫血也与低出生体重儿和产后抑郁症有关。有些研究还显现更高的分娩前后婴儿死亡风险。
如果有以下情况，则怀孕期间出现贫血的风险会增加：
- 两次怀孕间隔时间较短
- 怀双胞胎或多胞胎
- 由于孕吐反应经常呕吐
- 没有摄入足够的富铁食物
- 怀孕前月经量大
- 怀孕前有贫血史
贫血体征和症状包括：
- 疲劳
- 虚弱
- 头晕或头重脚轻
- 头痛
- 皮肤苍白或发黄
- 气短
- 嗜好嚼冰（异食癖）
严重贫血的症状可能包括：
但是请记住，贫血的症状通常类似于普通妊娠症状。无论有无症状，都要进行孕期贫血验血筛查。如果您担心自己的疲劳程度或任何其他症状，请咨询医务人员。
How can iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy be prevented?
Prenatal vitamins typically contain iron. Taking a prenatal vitamin that contains iron can help prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. In some cases, your health care provider might recommend a separate iron supplement. During pregnancy, you need 27 milligrams of iron a day.
Good nutrition can also prevent iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. Dietary sources of iron include lean red meat, poultry and fish. Other options include iron-fortified breakfast cereals, dark green leafy vegetables, dried beans and peas.
The iron from animal products, such as meat, is most easily absorbed. To enhance the absorption of iron from plant sources and supplements, pair them with a food or drink high in vitamin C — such as orange juice, tomato juice or strawberries. If you take iron supplements with orange juice, avoid the calcium-fortified variety. Although calcium is an essential nutrient during pregnancy, calcium can decrease iron absorption.
如果您正在服用含铁的孕期维生素且患有贫血，那么医务人员可能会建议检查确定其他潜在病因。有时，您可能需要看专门治疗血液疾病的医生（血液科医生）。如果病因是缺铁，医务人员可能会建议额外补铁。如果您有胃旁路手术史或小肠手术史，或者对口服补铁剂不耐受，则您可能需要通过将针头插入静脉来注射补铁剂（静脉注射）。
显示参考文献
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Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/anemia-during-pregnancy/art-20114455