大数蜱咬伤无痛且只会引起轻微的症状和体征，如皮肤颜色变化、肿胀或酸痛。
但有些蜱虫会传播细菌而引发疾病，如莱姆病和落基山斑疹热。一般而言，蜱虫至少需附着在人体皮肤上 36 小时才能传播莱姆病。其他感染可能只需要数小时甚至数分钟。
蜱虫叮咬护理
- 快速小心地清除蜱虫。用尖头镊子或小夹钳尽可能靠近皮肤夹住蜱虫。缓慢平稳地将蜱虫轻轻向上拉出。不要扭动或挤压蜱虫。不要徒手抓蜱虫。不要使用凡士林、指甲油或点燃的火柴清除蜱虫。
- 固定好蜱虫，并拍下照片。蜱虫照片可以帮助您和医务人员确定其种类，以及您是否有感染上传播疾病的风险。可以将蜱虫粘在胶带上，然后扔进垃圾桶。如果您出现新症状，医务人员可能需要查看蜱虫或照片。
- 清洗双手和叮咬部位。用温水和肥皂清洗、涂抹酒精或用碘酒擦洗。
何时寻求急救护理
如果出现以下症状，请拨打 911 或当地急救电话：
何时与医生联系
如果方便，就诊时带上蜱虫或所拍的蜱虫照片。
Sept. 10, 2022
- Tick bites. Merck Manual Professional Edition. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/injuries-poisoning/bites-and-stings/tick-bites. Accessed Oct. 14, 2021.
- Tick prevention and property management. Maine Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Division of Disease Surveillance. https://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/infectious-disease/epi/vector-borne/lyme/tick-prevention-and-property-management.shtml. Accessed Oct. 14, 2021.
- Tick removal. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/removing_a_tick.html. Accessed Oct. 14, 2021.
- Symptoms of tickborne illness. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/ticks/symptoms.html. Accessed Oct. 14, 2021.
- Lyme disease: What you need to know. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/toolkit/index.html. Accessed Oct. 14, 2021.
- Tintinalli JE, et al. Zoonotic infections. In: Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 9th ed. McGraw Hill Education; 2020. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/. Accessed Oct. 14, 2021.
- Hu, L. Evaluation of a tick bite for possible Lyme disease. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Oct. 14, 2021.
- Tick attachment and tickborne diseases. Maine Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Division of Disease Surveillance. https://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/infectious-disease/epi/vector-borne/lyme/tick-attachment-and-tickborne-diseases.shtml. Accessed Oct. 14, 2021.
- Walker LE (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. Oct. 29, 2021.