休克是由于体内血液流量突然下降而引起的一种危急状态。休克可能由创伤、热射病、失血或过敏反应引起,也可能由严重感染、中毒、严重烧伤或其他原因引起。休克者的器官无法获得充足的血液或氧气。如果不及时治疗休克,会导致永久性器官损伤甚至死亡。
休克的症状因情况而异,可能包括:
- 皮肤湿冷。
- 皮肤黯淡或苍白。
- 嘴唇或指甲发灰或发青。
- 脉搏过快。
- 快速呼吸。
- 恶心或呕吐。
- 瞳孔扩大。
- 虚弱或疲劳。
- 头晕或昏厥。
- 心理状态或行为发生变化,例如焦虑或激动。
如果您怀疑有人休克,请拨打 911 或当地急救电话。然后请立即采取以下措施:
- 让对方平躺,稍微抬高腿部和足部,除非您认为这么做可能引起疼痛或令其进一步受伤。
- 让对方保持不动,如无必要,不要移动。
- 如果对方没有生命体征,比如没有呼吸、咳嗽或活动,请实施 CPR。
- 解开紧身衣物,如果需要,给对方盖上毯子以防寒战。
- 不要让对方进食或饮用任何饮料。
- 如果对方呕吐或口腔出血,且没有疑似脊柱损伤,让对方侧躺以防呛噎。
Shock: First aid
Symptoms of shock vary depending on circumstances and may include:
- Cool, clammy skin.
- Pale or ashen skin.
- A gray or bluish tinge to lips or fingernails.
- Rapid pulse.
- Rapid breathing.
- Nausea or vomiting.
- Enlarged pupils.
- Weakness or fatigue.
- Dizziness or fainting.
- Changes in mental status or behavior, such as anxiousness or agitation.
Shock: First aid
After calling 911 or your local emergency number, take the following steps right away:
- Lay the person down and elevate the legs and feet slightly, unless you think this may cause pain or further injury.
- Keep the person still.
- Begin CPR if the person shows no signs of life, such as not breathing, coughing or moving.
- Loosen tight clothing and, if needed, cover the person with a blanket to prevent chilling.
- If the person vomits or is bleeding from the mouth, and no spinal injury is suspected, turn the person onto a side to prevent choking.
Shock: First aid
- Don't let the person eat or drink anything.
- Don't move the person unless it's needed.
显示参考文献
- Shock. American College of Emergency Physicians. https://www.emergencyphysicians.org/article/know-when-to-go/shock. Accessed Feb. 16, 2023.
- First aid. National Health Service. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/first-aid/. Accessed Feb. 16, 2023.
April 16, 2024Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/first-aid/first-aid-shock/basics/art-20056620