病毒性出血热

诊断

在发病的最初几天内很难诊断是否患有特定的病毒性出血热，因为早期的体征和症状（高热、肌肉酸痛、头痛和极度疲劳）也常见于许多其他疾病。

请告知医生您的病史和旅行史，以及任何啮齿动物和蚊子接触史，这有助于医生进行诊断。其中包括您到访的国家/地区和日期，以及与潜在感染源的任何接触。

通常需要对血样进行化验才能确诊。由于病毒性出血热的感染性和传染性特别强，因此通常应采取严格的预防措施，在专门的实验室中进行这些检查。

治疗

病毒性出血热尚无治愈方法。目前只有针对少数几种病毒性出血热的疫苗。最佳方法是预防。支持性护理是主要治疗手段。

用药

虽然不存在专门针对大多数病毒性出血热的治疗方法，但抗病毒药物利巴韦林（Rebetol、Virazole）可能会缩短某些感染的病程并预防某些患者的并发症。其他药物正处于研发阶段。

疗法

支持性护理必不可少。为了防止脱水，您可能需要补液来帮助维持电解质的平衡，电解质是支持神经和肌肉功能的重要矿物质。

外科手术及其他手术

有些患者可能受益于肾透析，这种疗法可在肾脏衰竭时人工从血液中清除废物。

准备您的预约

If you think you might have a viral hemorrhagic fever, contact your healthcare professional. Let the office know what you think you have. You might be sent directly to an emergency room. Make sure the emergency room knows that you might have a viral hemorrhagic fever before you go.

What you can do

• Write down any symptoms including when they started.
• Write down your travel history and whether you've been around animals, especially mosquitoes, ticks, rodents, nonhuman primates or bats. Name the countries you visited and the dates. Tell of any contact you might have had with infection sources.
• Make a list of all medications, vitamins and supplements that you’re taking.
• Write down any questions to ask your healthcare professional.

What to expect from your doctor

Your healthcare professional is likely to ask you several questions, including:

• When did you begin experiencing symptoms?
• Have you recently traveled to areas where viral hemorrhagic fevers are spreading?
• Have your symptoms been continuous or occasional?
• How severe are your symptoms?
• Does anything improve your symptoms?
• What, if anything, appears to worsen your symptoms?