绝经和高血压之间有联系吗？
绝经后血压容易升高。一些医疗护理专业人员认为，这种血压升高可能是由与绝经有关的激素变化所致。另外一些则认为，绝经期女性体重指数（BMI）增加可能是原因所在。
绝经期的激素变化可能导致体重增长。这些变化还会使血压对饮食中的盐摄入量更加敏感，从而导致血压升高。针对绝经的某些类型激素治疗也可能导致高血压。
要想控制绝经前后的血压，应关注健康生活方式：
- 保持健康体重。
- 食用有益心脏健康的食物。选择全谷物、水果和蔬菜。
- 限制盐和加工食品的摄入量。
- 在每周的多天进行锻炼。
- 管理压力。
- 限制或避免饮酒。
- 如果您抽烟，请戒烟。
如有必要，医疗护理团队可能会建议使用一些药物来帮助降低血压。
显示参考文献
- Changes you can make to manage high blood pressure. American Heart Association. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/changes-you-can-make-to-manage-high-blood-pressure. Accessed April 17, 2023.
- Menopause and heart disease. American Heart Association. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/consumer-healthcare/what-is-cardiovascular-disease/menopause-and-heart-disease. Accessed April 17, 2023.
- Menopause and heart health. Office on Women's Health. https://womenshealth.gov/nwbpaw/menopause-and-heart-health. Feb. 24, 2025.
- Yang D, et al. Effectiveness of exercise training on arterial stiffness and blood pressure among postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Systematic Reviews. 2024; doi:10.1186/s13643-024-02589-y.
- Li S, et al. The pathophysiology, prognosis and treatment of hypertension in females from pregnancy to post-menopause: A review. Current Heart Failure Reports. 2024; doi:10.1007/s11897-024-00672-y.
Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/menopause-and-high-blood-pressure/faq-20058406