概述

局灶节段性肾小球硬化(FSGS)是一种在肾小球上形成疤痕组织的疾病,肾小球是肾脏的一小部分,用于过滤血液中的废物。FSGS 可由多种因素引起。

FSGS 是一种可导致肾衰竭的严重疾病,只能通过透析或肾移植来治疗。FSGS 的治疗方案取决于疾病的类型。

FSGS 的类型包括:

  • 原发性 FSGS许多被诊断为 FSGS 的患者并无明确的病因。这叫做原发性(自发性)FSGS
  • 继发性 FSGS多种因素(如感染、药物毒性、糖尿病或镰状细胞病等疾病、肥胖症,甚至其他肾脏疾病)可引起继发性 FSGS。对潜在病因进行控制或治疗往往会缓解肾损伤,随着时间的推移可能会改善肾功能。
  • 遗传性 FSGS这是由基因突变引起的罕见形式的 FSGS。它也被称为家族性 FSGS。当一个家族的几个成员出现 FSGS 症状时,就有可能是遗传性了。当父母双方都没有患病,但各方都携带一个可遗传给下一代的变异基因时,也可能发生家族性 FSGS
  • 未知 FSGS在某些情况下,尽管对临床症状进行了评估并进行了广泛的检测,但仍无法确定 FSGS 的根本原因。

症状

Symptoms of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) might include:

  • Swelling, called edema, in the legs and ankles, around the eyes and in other body parts.
  • Weight gain from fluid buildup.
  • Foamy urine from protein buildup, called proteinuria.

When to see a doctor

See a healthcare professional if you have any of the symptoms of FSGS.

病因

局灶节段性肾小球硬化可由多种病症引起,如糖尿病、镰状细胞病、其他肾脏疾病和肥胖症,也可由感染和药物毒性引起。这种罕见的 FSGS 由遗传基因突变引起。有时并无明确的病因。

风险因素

Factors that can raise the risk of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) include:

  • Medical conditions that can damage the kidneys. Certain diseases and conditions increase the risk of getting FSGS. These include diabetes, lupus, obesity and other kidney diseases.
  • Certain infections. Infections that increase the risk of FSGS include HIV and hepatitis C.
  • Gene changes. Certain genes passed through families can raise the risk of FSGS.

并发症

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) may lead to other health concerns, also called complications, including:

  • Nephrotic syndrome. This kidney condition causes the body to pass too much protein in the urine. Nephrotic syndrome raises the risk of other health conditions, such as blood clots and high blood pressure.
  • Kidney failure. Damage to the kidneys that can't be fixed causes the kidneys to stop working. The only treatments for kidney failure are dialysis or kidney transplant.