概述

嗅神经母细胞瘤是一种罕见的癌症,始于鼻腔上部。

嗅神经母细胞瘤的起始区域通过一个包含小孔的骨与脑隔开,小孔允许控制嗅觉的神经(嗅觉神经)通过。嗅神经母细胞瘤也称嗅神经母细胞瘤。

嗅神经母细胞瘤可发生于成人的任何年龄,通常起始于鼻腔的肿瘤,可生长或延伸至鼻窦、眼睛和脑。随着肿瘤的生长,嗅神经母细胞瘤患者的嗅觉会丧失,频繁流鼻血并出现呼吸困难。

嗅神经母细胞瘤也可扩散至颈部淋巴结和腮腺。在晚期病例中,嗅神经母细胞瘤可扩散到脑的其他部位及身体的其他部位,如肺、肝和骨。

嗅神经母细胞瘤通常采用手术治疗。也常建议放化疗。

症状

嗅神经母细胞瘤的症状包括:

  • 嗅觉丧失
  • 经常鼻出血
  • 用鼻呼吸困难

随着癌症长大,可能引起眼睛疼痛、视力损失、耳疼痛和头痛。

何时应就诊

如果您有任何为之担忧的持续性体征或症状,请与您的医生约诊。

病因

嗅神经母细胞瘤的确切病因尚不清楚。一般来说,癌症始于某种基因突变,让正常健康的细胞继续生长,而不响应停止生长的信号,与正常细胞不同,癌细胞会不受控制地生长和增殖。积累的异常细胞形成肿块(肿瘤)。

并发症

嗅神经母细胞瘤的并发症可能包括:

  • 癌症发展并侵入附近的结构。如果晚期嗅神经母细胞瘤大到足以侵入眼睛和大脑等附近结构,则可能引起并发症。
  • 癌症扩散(转移)。嗅神经母细胞瘤可能会扩散(转移)到身体的其他部位,例如淋巴结、骨髓、肺部、肝脏、皮肤和骨骼。
  • 嗅觉丧失。肿瘤可能堵塞鼻道,从而阻塞鼻子的空气流动。
  • 手术并发症。这些并发症可能包括脊髓液渗漏、感染、视力问题和脓肿。

在 Mayo Clinic 治疗

March 06, 2021

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