Spider bites: First aid

By Mayo Clinic Staff
April 30, 2024

Overview

Most spider bites cause only minor injury. Bites from a few spider species can be dangerous.

When to seek emergency help

Seek medical care right away if:

  • You were bitten by a dangerous spider, such as a black widow or a brown recluse.
  • You're unsure if the bite was from a dangerous spider.
  • You have severe pain, stomach cramping or a growing wound at the bite site.
  • You're having problems breathing or swallowing.
  • The area of inflamed skin is spreading or has streaks.

Treatment

To take care of a spider bite:

  • Clean the wound with mild soap and water. Then apply an antibiotic ointment three times a day to help prevent infection.
  • Apply a cool cloth over the bite for 15 minutes each hour. Use a clean cloth dampened with water or filled with ice. This helps reduce pain and swelling.
  • If possible, raise the affected area.
  • Take a nonprescription pain reliever as needed.
  • If the wound is itchy, an antihistamine might help. Examples are diphenhydramine or cetirizine. Or try calamine lotion or a steroid cream.

For pain and muscle spasms, your healthcare professional might prescribe pain medicine, muscle relaxants or both. You might also need a tetanus shot.

Black widow spiders

You can usually identify a black widow spider by the red hourglass marking on its belly. In the United States, this spider is more common in the South. It's also found in Europe.

Symptoms of a black widow spider bite can include:

  • Inflamed skin, pain and swelling.
  • Severe stomach pain or cramping.
  • Nausea, vomiting, shaking or sweating.
Black widow spider

Black widow spider

The black widow spider is known for the red hourglass marking on its belly.

Brown recluse spider

The brown recluse spider has a violin-shaped marking on its back, but this mark can be hard to see. This spider is commonly found in the southern half of the United States and in South America, where it is known as the brown spider.

Symptoms of a brown recluse spider bite can include:

  • At first, a mild pain.
  • Fever, chills and body aches.
  • A sore with a blue or purple center and a ring around it.
Brown recluse spider

Brown recluse spider

The brown recluse spider is known for the violin-shaped marking on its top.

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