When people use the term "ministroke," what they're really often referring to is a transient ischemic attack (TIA).
A TIA is a temporary interruption of blood flow to part of the brain, spinal cord or retina, which may cause stroke-like symptoms but does not damage brain cells or cause permanent disability.
TIAs are often an early warning sign that a person is at risk of stroke. About 1 in 3 people who has a TIA goes on to experience a subsequent stroke. The risk of stroke is especially high within 48 hours after a TIA.
The symptoms of a TIA are similar to those of a stroke and include:
- Numbness or muscle weakness, usually on one side of the body
- Difficulty speaking or understanding speech
- Dizziness or loss of balance
- Double vision or difficulty seeing in one or both eyes
Symptoms of TIA usually last only a few minutes but may persist for up to 24 hours. Since the immediate signs and symptoms of TIA and stroke are identical, it's important to seek medical attention.
You may need various diagnostic tests, such as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan or a computerized tomography (CT) scan, to help determine what caused the TIA.
Depending on the underlying cause, you may need medication to prevent blood clots or a procedure to remove fatty deposits (plaques) from the arteries that supply blood to your brain (carotid endarterectomy).
References
- Furie KL, et al. Definition of transient ischemic attack. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed Jan. 22, 2016.
- NINDS transient ischemic attack information page. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/tia/tia.htm. Accessed Feb. 16, 2016.
- Easton JD, et al. Definition and evaluation of transient ischemic attack: A scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; and the Interdisciplinary Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease. Stroke. 2009;40:2276.
- Ischemic stroke. Merck Manual Professional Version. http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/neurologic_disorders/stroke_cva/ischemic_stroke.html?qt=TIA&sc=&alt=sh. Accessed Feb. 16, 2016.
- Questions and answers about carotid endarterectomy. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/stroke/carotid_endarterectomy_backgrounder.htm. Accessed Feb. 16, 2016.
- AskMayoExpert. Acute Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack. Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2015.
- Furie KL, et al. Initial evaluation and management of transient ischemic attack and minor stroke. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Accessed Feb. 17, 2016.
Original article: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/transient-ischemic-attack/expert-answers/mini-stroke/FAQ-20058390