Prostate cancer

By Mayo Clinic Staff
Feb. 21, 2026

Research

Mayo Clinic doctors and scientists are leaders in prostate cancer research. Areas of focus include innovating diagnostic techniques, discovering and perfecting treatment options, understanding ways to improve quality of life, and analyzing long-term follow-up data.

For decades, Mayo Clinic has been compiling a database of people who have had surgery for prostate cancer. Researchers use this information to monitor outcomes, search for trends, determine effective treatment and ensure overall quality of care.

Surgeon consults with prostate cancer patient

Publications

See a list of publications about prostate cancer by Mayo Clinic doctors on PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine.

  1. DeVita VT Jr, et al., eds. Cancer of the prostate. In: DeVita, Hellman, and Rosenberg's Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology. 12th ed. Wolters Kluwer; 2023. Accessed Sept. 24, 2024.
  2. Prostate cancer treatment (PDQ) — Patient version. National Cancer Institute. https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/patient/prostate-treatment-pdq. Accessed Sept. 24, 2024.
  3. Prostate cancer early detection. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. https://www.nccn.org/guidelines/guidelines-detail?category=2&id=1460. Accessed Sept. 24, 2024.
  4. Cancer stat facts: Prostate cancer. National Cancer Institute. https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/prost.html. Accessed Sept. 26, 2024.
  5. Partin AW, et al., eds. Campbell-Walsh-Wein Urology. 12th ed. Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Sept. 24, 2024.
  6. Taplin M, et al. Clinical presentation and diagnosis of prostate cancer. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Sept. 24, 2024.
  7. Hematuria (blood in the urine). National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/hematuria-blood-urine. Accessed Oct. 7, 2024.
  8. Niederhuber JE, et al., eds. Prostate cancer. In: Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. 6th ed. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Sept. 24, 2024.
  9. Sartor AO. Risk factors for prostate cancer. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Sept. 24, 2024.
  10. Sartor AO. Chemoprevention strategies in prostate cancer. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Sept. 24, 2024.
  11. Prostate cancer screening (PDQ) — Patient version. National Cancer Institute. https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/patient/prostate-screening-pdq. Accessed Sept. 24, 2024.
  12. AskMayoExpert. Prostate cancer: Screening (adult). Mayo Clinic; 2023.
  13. Fowler GC, et al., eds. Prostate and seminal vesicle ultrasonography and biopsy. In: Pfenninger and Fowler's Procedures for Primary Care. 4th ed. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Oct. 16, 2024.
  14. Prostate MRI. RadiologyInfo.org. https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/mr_prostate. Accessed Oct. 17, 2024.
  15. Yang XJ. Interpretation of prostate biopsy. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Oct. 16, 2024.
  16. Biomarker testing for cancer treatment. National Cancer Institute. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/biomarker-testing-cancer-treatment. Accessed Nov. 24, 2024.
  17. Genomic diagnostic testing for prostate cancer. Urology Care Foundation. https://www.urologyhealth.org/educational-resources/genomic-diagnostic-testing-for-prostate-cancer. Accessed Nov. 24, 2024.
  18. Prostate cancer. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. https://www.nccn.org/guidelines/guidelines-detail?category=2&id=1459. Accessed Nov. 26, 2025.
  19. Richie JP. Localized prostate cancer: Risk stratification and choice of initial treatment. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Sept. 24, 2024.
  20. Taplin M, et al. Initial staging and evaluation of males with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Sept. 24, 2024.
  21. American College of Surgeons. Prostate. In: AJCC Cancer Staging System. American College of Surgeons; 2023. https://online.statref.com. Accessed Aug. 1, 2024.
  22. Population-based cancer survival statistics overview. National Cancer Institute. https://surveillance.cancer.gov/survival. Accessed Oct. 17, 2024.
  23. Tepper JE, et al., eds. Prostate cancer. In: Gunderson & Tepper's Clinical Radiation Oncology. 5th ed. Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Sept. 24, 2024.
  24. Pisters LL, et al. Cryotherapy and other ablative techniques for the initial treatment of prostate cancer. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Nov. 24, 2024.
  25. Murad V, et al. MR-guided focused ultrasound focal therapy for prostate cancer. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America. 2024; doi:10.1016/j.mric.2024.04.001.
  26. Abida W, et al. Management of advanced prostate cancer with germline or somatic homologous recombination repair deficiency. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Nov. 23, 2024.
  27. Gulley J. Immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Nov. 23, 2024.
  28. Immune checkpoint inhibitors. National Cancer Institute. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/immunotherapy/checkpoint-inhibitors. Accessed Nov. 23, 2024.
  29. Dawson NA, et al. Overview of treatment for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Nov. 24, 2024.
  30. Distress management. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. https://www.nccn.org/guidelines/guidelines-detail?category=3&id=1431. Accessed Sept. 24, 2024.
  31. Thompson RH, et al. Radical prostatectomy for octogenarians: How old is too old? The Journal of Urology. 2006; doi:10.1016/j.urology.2006.05.031.
  32. Choline C-11 injection (prescribing information). Mayo Clinic PET Radiochemistry Facility; 2024. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=203155. Accessed Nov. 24, 2024.
  33. Woodrum DA, et al. Targeted prostate biopsy and MR-guided therapy for prostate cancer. Abdominal Radiology. 2016; doi:10.1007/s00261-016-0681-3.
  34. Agarwal DK, et al. Initial experience with da Vinci single-port robot-assisted radical prostatectomies. European Urology. 2020; doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2019.04.001.
  35. Gettman MT, et al. Current status of robotics in urologic laparoscopy. European Urology. 2003; doi:10.1016/S0302-2838(02)00579-1.
  36. Krambeck AE, et al. Radical prostatectomy for prostatic adenocarcinoma: A matched comparison of open retropubic and robot-assisted techniques. BJU International. 2008; doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2008.08012.x.
  37. What are radiopharmaceuticals? International Atomic Energy Agency. https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/what-are-radiopharmaceuticals. Accessed Nov. 24, 2024.
  38. Protocol for the examination of prostate needle biopsy from patients with carcinoma of the prostate gland: Case level reporting. College of American Pathologists. https://www.cap.org/protocols-and-guidelines/cancer-reporting-tools/cancer-protocol-templates. Accessed Nov. 26, 2025.
  39. Protocol for the examination of radical prostatectomy specimens from patients with carcinoma of the prostate gland. College of American Pathologists. https://www.cap.org/protocols-and-guidelines/cancer-reporting-tools/cancer-protocol-templates. Accessed Nov. 26, 2025.
  40. Grade. National Cancer Institute. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/grade. Accessed Nov. 26, 2025.
  41. Early-stage prostate cancer patient guide. Urology Care Foundation. https://www.urologyhealth.org/educational-resources/early-stage-prostate-cancer. Accessed Nov. 26, 2025.
  42. Survivorship. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. https://www.nccn.org/guidelines/guidelines-detail?category=3&id=1466. Accessed Dec. 2, 2025.
  43. Rock CL, et al. American Cancer Society nutrition and physical activity guideline for cancer survivors. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 2022; doi:10.3322/caac.21719.
  44. SEER Explorer. National Cancer Institute. https://seer.cancer.gov/statistics-network/explorer/application.html. Accessed Dec. 3, 2025.
  45. Orgovyx (prescribing information). Sumitomo Pharma America Inc.; 2025. https://www.orgovyx.com. Accessed Dec. 5, 2025.
  46. Elsevier Point of Care. Clinical Overview: Metastatic prostate cancer. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Dec. 5, 2025.