Does blood pressure have a daily pattern? I've noticed that my blood pressure is always lower in the morning than in the afternoon.
Answer From Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, M.D.
Blood pressure has a daily pattern.
Usually, blood pressure starts to rise a few hours before a person wakes up. It continues to rise during the day, peaking in midday. Blood pressure typically drops in the late afternoon and evening. Blood pressure is usually lower at night while sleeping. The blood pressure measurement at night is called nocturnal blood pressure.
Examples of an irregular blood pressure pattern include:
- High blood pressure during the night
- High blood pressure early in the morning
- Less than 10% drop in blood pressure overnight (nondipping blood pressure)
A rise in blood pressure overnight to early morning has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease.
An irregular blood pressure pattern could also mean that you have:
- Poorly controlled high blood pressure
- Obstructive sleep apnea
- Kidney disease
- Diabetes
- Thyroid disease
- A nervous system disorder
Poor diet, lack of exercise and certain lifestyle factors can affect blood pressure pattern, including:
- Night-shift work
- Smoking
- Overweight or obesity
- Stress and anxiety
- Not taking medications for blood pressure or sleep apnea as directed, or ineffective treatment
Your health care provider can tell you if an irregular daily blood pressure pattern needs treatment. Sometimes, a person's blood pressure rises simply when seeing a care provider. This is called whitecoat hypertension.
A 24-hour blood pressure monitoring test can be done to measure blood pressure at regular time periods over 24 hours. The test is called ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. It provides a detailed look at blood pressure changes over an average day and night.
With
Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, M.D.
Show References
- Townsend RR, et al. Out-of-office blood pressure measurement: Ambulatory and self-measured blood pressure monitoring. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed March 31, 2021.
- Chokesuwattanasku A, et al. Impact of circadian blood pressure pattern on silent cerebral small vessel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2020; doi:10.1161/JAHA.119.016299.
- Dadlani A, et al. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in clinical practice. Indian Heart Journal. 2019; doi:10.1016/j.ihj.2018.11.015.
- Jaeger BC, et al. Development of predictive equations for nocturnal hypertension and nondipping systolic blood pressure. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2020; doi:10.1161/JAHA.119.013696.
- Yang WY, et al. Association of office and ambulatory blood pressure with mortality and cardiovascular outcomes. JAMA. 2019; doi:10.1001/jama.2019.9811.
- Smolensky MH, et al. Circadian mechanisms of 24-hour blood pressure regulation and patterning. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2017; doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2016.02.003.
- Patterson PD, et al. Impact of shift work on blood pressure among emergency medical services clinicians and related shift workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Health. 2020; doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2020.03.006.
- Lopez-Jimenez F (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. April 16, 2021.
Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/blood-pressure/FAQ-20058115