Diagnosis
A healthcare professional will likely determine what's causing gas and gas pains based on:
- A medical history.
- A review of dietary habits.
- A physical exam.
During the physical exam, your healthcare professional may touch your stomach to determine if there is any tenderness and if anything feels out of the ordinary. Listening to the sound of your belly with a stethoscope can help determine how well your digestive tract is working. A rectal examination also may be done depending on symptoms and findings.
Depending on your exam and the presence of other symptoms — such as weight loss, blood in your stool or diarrhea — additional tests may be ordered.
Treatment
If your gas pains are caused by another health problem, treating the underlying condition may offer relief. Otherwise, bothersome gas is usually treated with dietary measures, lifestyle modifications or nonprescription medicines. Although the solution isn't the same for everyone, with a little trial and error, most people are able to find some relief.
Diet
Dietary changes may help reduce the amount of gas your body produces or help gas move more quickly through your system. Keeping a diary of your diet and gas symptoms will help you and your healthcare team determine the best options for changes in your diet. You may need to eliminate some items or eat smaller portions of others.
Reducing or eliminating the following dietary factors may improve gas symptoms:
- High-fiber foods. High-fiber foods that can cause gas include beans, onions, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, artichokes, asparagus, pears, apples, peaches, prunes, whole wheat and bran. You can experiment with which foods affect you most. You may avoid high-fiber foods for a couple of weeks and gradually add them back. Talk to your care team to ensure you're getting enough dietary fiber.
- Dairy. Reducing dairy products from your diet can lessen symptoms. You also may try dairy products that are lactose-free or take milk products supplemented with lactase to help with digestion.
- Sugar substitutes. Eliminate or reduce sugar substitutes or try a different substitute.
- Fried or fatty foods. Dietary fat delays the clearance of gas from the intestines. Cutting back on fried or fatty foods may reduce symptoms.
- Carbonated beverages. Avoid or reduce your intake of carbonated beverages.
- Fiber supplements. If you use a fiber supplement, talk to your care team about the amount and type of supplement that is best for you.
- Water. To help prevent constipation, drink water with your meals, throughout the day and with fiber supplements.
Nonprescription remedies
The following products may reduce gas symptoms for some people:
- Alpha-galactosidase (Beano, BeanAssist, others) helps break down carbohydrates in beans and other vegetables. You take the supplement just before eating a meal.
- Lactase supplements (Lactaid, Digest Dairy Plus, others) help you digest the sugar in dairy products (lactose). These reduce gas symptoms if you're lactose intolerant. Talk to your healthcare team before using lactase supplements if you're pregnant or breast-feeding.
- Simethicone (Gas-X, Mylanta Gas Minis, others) helps break up the bubbles in gas and may help gas pass through your digestive tract. There is little clinical evidence of its effectiveness in relieving gas symptoms.
- Activated charcoal (Actidose-Aqua, CharcoCaps, others) taken before and after a meal may reduce symptoms, but research has not shown a clear benefit. Also, it may interfere with your body's ability to absorb medicines. Charcoal may stain the inside of your mouth and your clothing.
- Peppermint oil. Studies show peppermint oil may relieve symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and have a calming effect on the gastrointestinal tract.
Self-care
Making lifestyle changes may help reduce or relieve excess gas and gas pain.
- Try smaller portions. Many of the foods that can cause gas are part of a healthy diet. Try eating smaller portions of problem foods to see if your body can handle a smaller portion without creating excess gas.
- Eat slowly, chew your food thoroughly and don't gulp. If you have a hard time slowing down, put down your fork between each bite.
- Don't chew gum, suck on hard candies or drink through a straw. These activities can cause you to swallow more air.
- Check your dentures. Poorly fitting dentures can cause you to swallow excess air when you eat and drink. See your dentist if they aren't fitting correctly.
- Don't smoke. Cigarette smoking can increase the amount of air you swallow. Talk to a healthcare professional if you need help quitting.
- Exercise. Regular exercise reduces the risk of constipation, which can prevent the release of gas from your colon.
If the odor from passing gas concerns you, limiting foods high in sulfur-containing compounds — such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, beer and foods high in protein — may reduce distinctive odors. Pads, underwear and cushions containing charcoal also may help absorb unpleasant odors from passing gas.
Preparing for your appointment
Before you see your healthcare professional be prepared to answer the following questions:
- How long have you noticed an increase in gas or gas pains?
- Does the pain go away or get better when you belch or pass gas?
- How many times do you pass gas each day?
- Do certain foods seem to trigger your symptoms?
- Have you added any new foods or drinks to your diet recently?
- What medications or dietary supplements do you take?
- Do you have nausea or vomiting with your gas pains?
- Have you lost weight unintentionally?
- Have you had a change in your bowel habits?
- Do you drink sodas or other carbonated beverages?
- Do you eat food with sugar substitutes?
- Do you frequently chew gum, suck on candies or drink through a straw?
What you can do in the meantime
Keep a journal of what you eat and drink, how many times a day you pass gas, and any other symptoms you experience. Bring the journal to your appointment. It can help your healthcare professional determine whether there's a connection between your gas or gas pains and your diet.