Carcinoid syndrome
By Mayo Clinic Staff
April 30, 2025
AskMayoExpert. Neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumors (adult). Mayo Clinic; 2020.
AskMayoExpert. Carcinoid heart disease. Mayo Clinic; 2019.
Feldman M, et al. Neuroendocrine tumors. In: Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management. 11th ed. Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Aug. 24, 2020.
Strosberg JR. Treatment of the carcinoid syndrome. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Aug. 24, 2020.
Ferri FF. Carcinoid syndrome. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2021. Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Aug. 24, 2020.
Medical review (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. Nov. 4, 2020.