来自妙佑医疗国际员工

热衰竭是与热相关的综合征之一。这些综合征的严重程度和严重性从轻微到可能危及生命不等。其他类型的热相关疾病包括热疹、热性痉挛、热性晕厥和热射病。

当体内的水分或盐分过度流失（通常由出汗过多或脱水引起）时，可能会发生热衰竭。热衰竭可能是突发性的或慢性的，通常是在高温下作业、活动或玩耍后发生。

热衰竭的体征和症状包括:

  • 在高温下，皮肤凉爽湿润伴有鸡皮疙瘩
  • 大量出汗
  • 昏厥
  • 头晕
  • 疲劳
  • 脉搏微弱且快速
  • 站立时出现低血压
  • 肌肉痛性痉挛
  • 恶心或呕吐
  • 头痛
  • 极度口渴
  • 轻度意识模糊
  • 尿量减少

如果您怀疑出现热衰竭

如不及时治疗，热衰竭可能会导致热射病，从而危及生命。如果您怀疑出现热衰竭，请立即采取以下措施：

  • 将患者从高温处移至阴凉或装有空调的地方。
  • 让患者躺下，并稍微抬高腿部和双脚。
  • 脱下紧身或沉重的衣物。
  • 让患者喝冰水、含有电解质的无咖啡因运动饮料或不含咖啡因的其他非酒精饮料。
  • 用凉水喷洒或用海绵蘸凉水擦拭并扇风来给患者降温。
  • 仔细观察患者。

如果体征或症状恶化，或者如果患者在采取急救措施后没有好转，请联系医务人员。

如果患者的病情恶化，尤其是如果患者出现以下情况，请拨打 911 或当地的急救电话：

  • 昏厥
  • 躁动
  • 意识错乱
  • 癫痫发作
  • 无法喝水
  • 核心体温（用直肠温度计测量）达到 104 F（40 C）（热射病）

When to seek emergency help

Call 911 or your local emergency number if the affected person:

  • Faints.
  • Becomes agitated.
  • Is confused.
  • Has a seizure.
  • Is not able to drink.
  • Has a core body temperature – measured with a rectal thermometer – of 104 degrees Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius), which indicates heatstroke.

Symptoms

Heat exhaustion symptoms include:

  • Cool, moist skin with goose bumps when in the heat.
  • Heavy sweating.
  • Faintness.
  • Dizziness.
  • Fatigue.
  • Weak, rapid pulse.
  • Low blood pressure after standing up.
  • Muscle cramps.
  • Nausea or vomiting.
  • Headache.
  • Extreme thirst.
  • Mild confusion.
  • Decreased urine output.

Treatment

Untreated, heat exhaustion can lead to heatstroke, which is a life-threatening condition. If you suspect heat exhaustion, take these steps immediately:

  • Move the person out of the heat and into a shady or air-conditioned place.
  • Lay the person down and raise the legs and feet slightly.
  • Remove tight or heavy clothing.
  • Have the person sip chilled water, a sports drink containing electrolytes or another nonalcoholic beverage without caffeine.
  • Cool the person by spraying or sponging with cool water and fanning.
  • Monitor the person carefully.

Contact a healthcare professional if symptoms get worse or if the person doesn't improve after taking first-aid measures.

April 16, 2024