牙龈炎

诊断

Dentists usually diagnose gingivitis based on:

• Review of your dental and medical history and conditions that may contribute to your symptoms.
• Looking at your teeth, gums, mouth and tongue for signs of plaque, irritation or swelling.
• Measuring the pocket depth of the groove between your gums and teeth. A dental probe is inserted beside your tooth beneath your gumline, usually at several sites in your mouth. In a healthy mouth, the pocket depth is between 1 and 3 millimeters (mm). Pockets deeper than 4 mm may mean gum disease.
• Dental X-rays to check for bone loss in areas where your dentist sees deeper pockets.
• Other tests as needed. If it's not clear what has caused your gingivitis, your dentist may recommend that you get a medical evaluation to check for other health conditions. If your gum disease is further along, your dentist may refer you to a periodontist. This is a dentist with advanced training who specializes in treating gum diseases.

治疗

Prompt treatment usually reverses symptoms of gingivitis and prevents it from leading to more-serious gum disease and tooth loss. You have the best chance for successful treatment when you also practice good oral care daily and stop using tobacco.

Professional gingivitis care includes:

• Dental cleaning. Your first professional cleaning will include the removal of all traces of plaque, tartar and bacterial products. This procedure is known as scaling and root planing. Scaling removes tartar and bacteria from the surface of your teeth and under your gums. Root planing removes the bacterial products produced by swelling and irritation, and it smooths the root surfaces. This discourages further buildup of tartar and bacteria, and it allows proper healing. The procedure may be done using instruments, a laser or an ultrasonic device.
• Any needed dental repairs. Crooked teeth or poorly fitting crowns, bridges or other dental repairs may irritate your gums and make it harder to remove plaque during daily oral care. If problems with your teeth or dental repairs play a part in your gingivitis, your dentist may recommend fixing these problems.
• Ongoing care. Gingivitis usually clears up after a thorough professional cleaning — as long as you continue good oral care at home. Your dentist will help you plan an effective at-home program and a schedule of regular checkups and cleaning.

If you follow your dentist's suggestions and regularly brush and floss your teeth, healthy gum tissue should return within days or weeks.

生活方式与家庭疗法

您可以居家采取以下步骤来预防和逆转牙龈炎：

• 每天至少刷牙两次，最好是在就餐或食用点心后刷牙。
• 使用软毛牙刷，并且至少每三个月更换一次牙刷。
• 考虑使用电动牙刷，它可以更好地去除牙菌斑和牙垢。
• 每天使用牙线清洁牙齿。如果您觉得牙线不好用，可以尝试使用牙线夹。或者使用牙签或专门用于清洁齿间间隙的牙刷或牙线棒来清洁牙齿。请与您的牙医或口腔卫生师一起确定最适合您需求的牙科工具。
• 使用漱口水来减少齿间牙菌斑。
• 按照牙医推荐的安排定期进行专业牙齿清洁。
• 请勿吸烟或咀嚼烟草。

准备您的预约

请按照牙医建议的时间表进行定期检查。如果您发现任何牙龈炎症状，请与牙医约诊。以下信息可以帮助您做好就诊准备，并了解如何准备。

您可以做什么

为做好就诊准备，请列出以下内容：

• 您的症状，包括任何看似与约诊原因无关的症状。
• 关键个人信息，例如您存在的任何医疗状况。
• 您服用的所有药物，包括维生素、草药或其他补充剂，以及剂量。
• 写下要问牙医的问题，以充分利用您的就诊时间。

要向牙医咨询的问题可能包括：

• 您是否认为是牙龈炎导致了我的症状？
• 我需要做哪些检查？
• 我的牙科保险是否承保了您推荐的治疗方法？
• 您建议的方法有哪些可供选择的治疗方案？
• 我在家里可以采取哪些措施来保持牙龈和牙齿健康？
• 您推荐哪种牙膏、牙刷和牙线？
• 您建议用漱口水吗？
• 我需要遵守什么限制吗？
• 有没有可以带走的手册或其他印刷资料？
• 您是否可以推荐一些网站供我查阅相关信息？

就诊时可以随时询问其他问题。

牙医可能会做些什么

牙医可能询问关于您自身症状的问题，例如：

• 您是什么时候开始感觉到症状的？
• 您感觉这些症状是一直存在还是仅偶尔出现一次？
• 您多久刷一次牙？
• 您多久使用一次牙线？
• 您多久看一次牙医？
• 您有哪些医学状况？
• 您使用哪些药物？

提前考虑并准备好问题可以帮助您充分利用就诊时间。