Description and Brand Names

Drug information provided by: Merative, Micromedex®

US Brand Name

  1. Betimol
  2. Istalol
  3. Timoptic Ocudose
  4. Timoptic Ocumeter
  5. Timoptic Ocumeter Plus
  6. Timoptic-XE Ocumeter
  7. Timoptic-XE Ocumeter Plus

Descriptions


Timolol eye drops is used alone or together with other medicines to treat increased pressure in the eye that is caused by open-angle glaucoma or a condition called ocular (eye) hypertension. This medicine is a beta-blocker.

Timolol (Timoptic® in Ocudose®) may be used when you are sensitive to the preservative in Timoptic®, benzalkonium chloride, or when you need a preservative free eye drops.

This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription.

This product is available in the following dosage forms:

  • Solution
  • Gel Forming Solution

Before Using

In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated pediatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of timolol eye drops in children 2 years of age and older. However, safety and efficacy have not been established in children younger than 2 years of age.

Geriatric

Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of timolol eye drops in the elderly.

Breastfeeding

There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.

Drug Interactions

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

  • Abiraterone Acetate
  • Albuterol
  • Bupropion
  • Ceritinib
  • Clonidine
  • Cobicistat
  • Crizotinib
  • Darunavir
  • Desvenlafaxine
  • Diltiazem
  • Dronedarone
  • Duloxetine
  • Epinephrine
  • Escitalopram
  • Fedratinib
  • Fenoldopam
  • Fingolimod
  • Fluoxetine
  • Formoterol
  • Indacaterol
  • Iobenguane I 131
  • Iohexol
  • Lacosamide
  • Levalbuterol
  • Olodaterol
  • Oxymetazoline
  • Paroxetine
  • Ponesimod
  • Rivastigmine
  • Salmeterol
  • Sertraline
  • Terbutaline
  • Venlafaxine
  • Verapamil
  • Vilanterol

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

  • Acarbose
  • Aceclofenac
  • Acemetacin
  • Acetyldigoxin
  • Albiglutide
  • Alfuzosin
  • Alogliptin
  • Amtolmetin Guacil
  • Aspirin
  • Bromfenac
  • Bufexamac
  • Bunazosin
  • Canagliflozin
  • Celecoxib
  • Chlorpropamide
  • Choline Salicylate
  • Cimetidine
  • Clonixin
  • Dapagliflozin
  • Deslanoside
  • Dexibuprofen
  • Dexketoprofen
  • Diclofenac
  • Diflunisal
  • Digitoxin
  • Digoxin
  • Dipyrone
  • Doxazosin
  • Droxicam
  • Dulaglutide
  • Empagliflozin
  • Ertugliflozin
  • Etodolac
  • Etofenamate
  • Etoricoxib
  • Exenatide
  • Felbinac
  • Fenoprofen
  • Fepradinol
  • Feprazone
  • Floctafenine
  • Flufenamic Acid
  • Flurbiprofen
  • Glimepiride
  • Glipizide
  • Glyburide
  • Ibuprofen
  • Indomethacin
  • Insulin Aspart, Recombinant
  • Insulin Degludec
  • Insulin Detemir
  • Insulin Glargine, Recombinant
  • Insulin Glulisine
  • Insulin Human Inhaled
  • Insulin Human Isophane (NPH)
  • Insulin Human Regular
  • Insulin Lispro, Recombinant
  • Ketoprofen
  • Ketorolac
  • Linagliptin
  • Liraglutide
  • Lixisenatide
  • Lornoxicam
  • Loxoprofen
  • Lumiracoxib
  • Meclofenamate
  • Mefenamic Acid
  • Meloxicam
  • Metformin
  • Methyldopa
  • Metildigoxin
  • Miglitol
  • Morniflumate
  • Moxisylyte
  • Nabumetone
  • Naproxen
  • Nateglinide
  • Nepafenac
  • Niflumic Acid
  • Nimesulide
  • Nimesulide Beta Cyclodextrin
  • Oxaprozin
  • Oxyphenbutazone
  • Parecoxib
  • Phenoxybenzamine
  • Phentolamine
  • Phenylbutazone
  • Piketoprofen
  • Pioglitazone
  • Piroxicam
  • Pramlintide
  • Pranoprofen
  • Prazosin
  • Proglumetacin
  • Propyphenazone
  • Proquazone
  • Repaglinide
  • Rofecoxib
  • Rosiglitazone
  • Salicylic Acid
  • Salsalate
  • Saxagliptin
  • Sitagliptin
  • Sodium Salicylate
  • St John's Wort
  • Sulindac
  • Tamsulosin
  • Tenoxicam
  • Terazosin
  • Tiaprofenic Acid
  • Tolazamide
  • Tolbutamide
  • Tolfenamic Acid
  • Tolmetin
  • Trimazosin
  • Urapidil
  • Valdecoxib
  • Vildagliptin

Other Interactions

Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.

Other Medical Problems

The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this medicine. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:

  • Asthma, or history of or
  • Bradycardia (slow heartbeat) or
  • Cardiogenic shock (shock caused by heart attack) or
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), severe or
  • Heart block or
  • Heart failure—Should not use in patients with these conditions.
  • Allergic reaction (eg, anaphylaxis, atopy), or history of—May increase risk of an allergic reaction to occur again.
  • Blood vessel disease (especially blood vessels of the brain) or
  • Lung disease or
  • Myasthenia gravis (muscle weakness) or
  • Stroke, history of—Use with caution. May make these conditions worse.
  • Diabetes or
  • Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) or
  • Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)—May cover up some of the signs and symptoms of these diseases, such as a fast heartbeat.

Proper Use

Use this medicine exactly as directed by your doctor. Do not use more of it, do not use it more often, and do not use it for it for a longer time than your doctor ordered. To do so may increase the chance of side effects.

Shake the regular eye drops well just before each use. If you are using the gel-forming eye drops, turn the bottle upside down and shake it once. You do not need to shake the gel-forming eye drops more than once.

To use the eye drops (solution and gel):

  • First, wash your hands. Tilt the head back and, pressing your finger gently on the skin just beneath the lower eyelid, pull the lower eyelid away from the eye to make a space. Drop the medicine into this space. Let go of the eyelid and gently close the eyes. Do not blink. Keep the eyes closed and apply pressure to the inner corner of the eye with your finger for 1 or 2 minutes to allow the medicine to be absorbed by the eye.
  • Immediately after using the medicine, wash your hands to remove any medicine that may be on them.
  • To keep the medicine as germ-free as possible, do not touch the applicator tip to any surface (including the eye). Also, keep the container tightly closed. Serious damage to the eye and possible loss of vision may result from using contaminated eye medicines.

If your doctor ordered two different eye medicines to be used together, wait at least 10 minutes after the regular eye drops before using the second medicine. This will help prevent the second medicine from “washing out” the first one. The gel-forming eye drops should always be the last medicine used if two medicines are ordered. Wait 10 minutes before using the gel-forming eye drops.

You should not use the regular eye drops if you have contact lenses in your eyes. Remove your contact lenses before you use this medicine. Wait at least 15 minutes after you use the medicine before putting the contact lenses back in.

Dosing

The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.

  • For glaucoma or ocular hypertension:
    • For ophthalmic gel-forming solution dosage form (eye drops):
      • Adults—Use 1 drop in the affected eye once a day.
      • Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor. .
    • For ophthalmic solution dosage form (eye drops):
      • Adults and children 2 years of age and older—Use 1 drop in the affected eye two times a day. Your doctor may need to adjust your dose as needed.
      • Children younger than 2 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose of this medicine, apply it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule.

Storage

Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

Ask your healthcare professional how you should dispose of any medicine you do not use.

Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.

If you are using Timoptic®, use the medicine immediately after opening and throw away any unused medicine after use.

Precautions

It is very important that your doctor check your progress at regular visits to make sure this medicine is working properly and to check for unwanted effects.

Do not use this medicine if you are also using a beta-blocker medicine that is taken by the mouth.

If itching, redness, swelling, or other signs of eye or eyelid irritation occur, stop using this medicine and check with your doctor. These signs may mean that you are allergic to this medicine.

Timolol may cause heart failure in some patients. Check with your doctor right away if you are having chest pain or discomfort, dilated neck veins, extreme fatigue, irregular breathing, an irregular heartbeat, swelling of the face, fingers, feet, or lower legs, weight gain, or trouble breathing.

This medicine may cause changes in your blood sugar levels. Also, this medicine may cover up signs of low blood sugar, such as a rapid pulse rate. Check with your doctor if you have these problems or if you notice a change in the results of your blood or urine sugar tests.

Make sure any doctor or dentist who treats you knows that you are using this medicine. You may need to stop using this medicine several days before having surgery.

The gel-forming eye drops may cause blurred vision or other vision problems that last about 30 seconds to 5 minutes after you put them in your eye. If any of these occur, do not drive, use machines, or do anything else that could be dangerous if you are not able to see well. If these eye changes are bothersome, check with your doctor.

Side Effects

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

More common

  1. Blurred vision
  2. burning or stinging in the eye

Less common

  1. Arm, back, or jaw pain
  2. blisters, hives, welts, or itching
  3. blue lips, fingernails, or skin
  4. burning, crawling, itching, numbness, prickling, "pins and needles", or tingling feelings
  5. change in vision
  6. chest pain or discomfort
  7. chest tightness or heaviness
  8. confusion about identity, place, and time
  9. continuing ringing or buzzing or other unexplained noise in ears
  10. coughing that sometimes produces a pink frothy sputum
  11. depression
  12. difficult, fast, noisy breathing
  13. difficulty with chewing, swallowing, or talking
  14. dilated neck veins
  15. discharge, excessive tearing
  16. disturbed color perception
  17. dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up suddenly from a lying or sitting position
  18. double vision
  19. drooping eyelids
  20. dry or itching eyes
  21. extreme fatigue
  22. false sense of well-being
  23. fast, slow, irregular, pounding, or racing heartbeat or pulse
  24. fear or nervousness
  25. feeling of having something in the eye
  26. fever and chills
  27. flashes of light, floaters in vision
  28. general feeling of discomfort or illness
  29. hair loss
  30. halos around lights
  31. headache
  32. inability to speak
  33. increased sweating
  34. irregular, fast or slow, or shallow breathing
  35. large, hive-like swelling on the face, eyelids, lips, tongue, throat, hands, legs, feet, or sex organs
  36. lightheadedness, dizziness, or fainting
  37. loss of vision
  38. memory loss
  39. mood swings
  40. muscle or joint pain
  41. muscle weakness
  42. nausea
  43. night blindness
  44. no blood pressure or pulse
  45. overbright appearance of lights
  46. pain, tension, and weakness upon walking that subsides during periods of rest
  47. pale skin
  48. paleness or cold feeling in the fingertips, toes, hands, and feet
  49. personality changes
  50. pounding in the ears
  51. puffiness or swelling of the eyelids or around the eyes, face, lips, or tongue
  52. redness of the skin
  53. redness, pain, swelling or irritation of the eye, eyelid, or inner lining of the eyelid
  54. seeing double
  55. seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there
  56. seizures
  57. severe numbness, especially on one side of the face or body
  58. severe or sudden headache
  59. severe tiredness
  60. skin irritation or rash, including rash that looks like psoriasis
  61. slurred speech
  62. sore throat
  63. stopping of heart
  64. sweating
  65. swelling of the face, fingers, feet, lower legs, and ankles
  66. swollen glands
  67. temporary blindness
  68. tingling or pain in the fingers or toes when exposed to cold
  69. tunnel vision
  70. unconsciousness
  71. unusual tiredness or weakness
  72. weakness in arm and/or leg on one side of the body, sudden and severe
  73. weight gain

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:

Less common

  1. Acid or sour stomach
  2. belching
  3. body aches or pain
  4. diarrhea
  5. dry mouth
  6. ear congestion
  7. hearing loss
  8. heartburn
  9. indigestion
  10. lack or loss of strength
  11. loss of appetite
  12. loss of voice
  13. nightmares
  14. runny nose
  15. sleepiness or unusual drowsiness
  16. sneezing
  17. stomach discomfort, upset, or pain
  18. stuffy nose
  19. trouble sleeping
  20. weight loss

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Portions of this document last updated: April 01, 2024

Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/timolol-ophthalmic-route/description/drg-20071111