Mold allergy

If you have a mold allergy, your immune system is overly sensitive to mold spores. A mold allergy can cause coughing, itchy eyes and other symptoms that make you uncomfortable. In some people, a mold allergy is linked to asthma. If mold allergy is linked to asthma, mold exposure can cause restricted breathing and other airway symptoms.

If you have a mold allergy, the best defense is to reduce your exposure to the types of mold that cause your reaction. Medicines can help keep manage mold allergy reactions.

A mold allergy causes the same symptoms that happen in other types of upper respiratory allergies, such as hay fever. Symptoms caused by a mold allergy can include:

• Sneezing.
• Runny or stuffy nose.
• Cough and postnasal drip.
• Itchy eyes, nose and throat.
• Watery eyes.
• Dry, itchy skin.

Mold allergy symptoms vary from person to person and range from mild to severe. You might have year-round symptoms or symptoms that flare up only during certain times of the year. You might notice symptoms when the weather is damp or when you're in indoor or outdoor spaces that have high concentrations of mold.

Mold allergy and asthma

If you have a mold allergy and asthma, your asthma symptoms can be triggered by exposure to mold spores. In some people, exposure to certain molds can cause a severe asthma attack. Symptoms of asthma include:

• Coughing.
• Wheezing.
• Shortness of breath.
• Chest tightness.

If you have a stuffy nose, sneezing, watery eyes, shortness of breath, wheezing or other bothersome symptoms that persist, see a healthcare professional.

Like any allergy, mold allergy symptoms are triggered by an overly sensitive immune system response. When you inhale tiny airborne mold spores, your body recognizes them as foreign invaders and develops allergy-causing antibodies to fight them.

Exposure to mold spores can cause a reaction right away, or the reaction can be delayed.

Various molds are common indoors and outdoors. Only certain kinds of mold cause allergies. Being allergic to one type of mold doesn't mean you'll be allergic to another. Some of the most common molds that cause allergies include mildew, alternaria, aspergillus, cladosporium and penicillium.

A number of factors can make someone more likely to develop a mold allergy or make mold allergy symptoms worse, including:

• Having a family history of allergies. If allergies and asthma run in your family, you're more likely to develop a mold allergy.
• Working in a job that exposes you to mold. Occupations where mold exposure can be high include farming, dairy work, logging, baking, millwork, carpentry, greenhouse work, winemaking and furniture repair.

• Living in a home with high humidity. Having indoor humidity higher than 50% can increase mold in your home.

  Mold can grow virtually anywhere if the conditions are right — in basements, behind walls in framing, on soap-coated grout and other damp surfaces, in carpet pads, and in carpet itself. Exposure to high levels of household mold can trigger mold allergy symptoms.

• Working or living in a building that's been exposed to excess moisture. Examples include leaky pipes, water seepage during rainstorms and flood damage. At some point, nearly every building has some kind of excessive moisture, which can encourage mold growth.
• Living in a home with poor ventilation. Tight window and door seals can trap moisture indoors and prevent proper ventilation, creating ideal conditions for mold growth. Damp areas — such as bathrooms, kitchens and basements — are most likely to have mold.

Most allergic responses to mold involve hay fever-type symptoms that can make you miserable but aren't serious. However, certain allergic conditions caused by mold are more serious. These include:

• Mold-induced asthma. In people allergic to mold, breathing in spores can trigger an asthma flare-up. If you have a mold allergy and asthma, be sure that you have an emergency plan in case of a severe asthma attack.
• Allergic fungal sinusitis. This results from an inflammatory reaction to fungus in the sinuses.
• Hypersensitivity pneumonitis. This rare condition happens when exposure to airborne particles such as mold spores causes lung inflammation. It can be triggered by exposure to allergy-causing dust at work.
• Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. This reaction to fungus in the lungs can happen in people with weakened immune systems or lung conditions, such as asthma or cystic fibrosis.

Other problems caused by mold

Besides causing allergies, mold can pose other health risks to susceptible people. For example, mold can cause infections of the skin or mucous membranes. Generally, however, mold doesn't cause infections throughout the whole body in most people. Exceptions include people with weakened immune systems or ongoing lung conditions.

To reduce mold growth in your home, follow these tips:

• Get rid of sources of dampness in basements, such as pipe leaks or groundwater seepage.
• Use a dehumidifier in any area of your home that smells musty or damp. Keep your humidity levels below 50%. Remember to clean the collection bucket and condensation coils regularly.
• Use an air conditioner and consider installing central air conditioning with a high-efficiency particulate air filter attachment. This type of filter also is called a HEPA filter. The HEPA filter can trap mold spores from outdoor air before they're circulated inside your home.
• Change filters on your furnace and air conditioners regularly. Have forced-air heating ducts inspected and, if necessary, cleaned.
• Be sure all bathrooms are properly ventilated, and run the ventilation fan during a shower or bath and immediately after to dry the air. If you don't have a ventilation fan, open a window or door while you're showering or bathing.
• Don't carpet bathrooms and basements.
• Promote groundwater drainage away from your house by removing leaves and vegetation from around the foundation and cleaning out rain gutters frequently. Make sure the ground slopes away from the foundation.
• Keep organic plant containers clean and dry, such as those made of straw, wicker or hemp.
• Toss or recycle old books and newspapers. If left in damp places, such as basements, they can quickly become moldy.