Trasplante de donante vivo

Trasplante de donante vivo no dirigido

Comienza tu evaluación del donante

Haz clic aquí para completar un cuestionario de historial médico y comenzar el proceso de convertirte en un donante vivo de riñón o de hígado.

Un donante vivo no dirigido es una persona viva que dona un órgano, generalmente un riñón, y no designa ni tiene un receptor previsto. El órgano se dona como un regalo sin expectativas de retribución y sin conexiones entre el donante y el receptor del trasplante.

También se hace referencia a los donantes no dirigidos como buenos samaritanos o donantes altruistas. El receptor del trasplante se determina según compatibilidad y necesidad médica.

Un donante vivo no dirigido también puede participar en la donación cruzada de órganos o cadenas de donación de órganos para ayudar a emparejar parejas incompatibles. Este proceso a menudo resulta en una cadena de trasplantes con el beneficio de varios candidatos del regalo del donante no dirigido.

Por qué se realiza

Los donantes de órganos no dirigidos han cobrado importancia en los últimos años para satisfacer la necesidad creciente de órganos para trasplante y cubrir la falta de órganos disponibles de donantes fallecidos.

Los donantes de órganos no dirigidos suelen ser fundamentales para vincular varios pares de donantes y receptores incompatibles para formar una cadena de donantes.

Como en otros tipos de trasplantes de órganos de donantes vivos, los trasplantes de donantes de órganos no dirigidos ofrecen varios beneficios para el receptor de la donación, por ejemplo, menos tiempo en una lista de espera, menos complicaciones de salud antes del trasplante porque la espera es menor y mejores tasas de supervivencia tras el trasplante.

Riesgos

Most living donors make a full recovery. However, organ donation has risks. The risks are different for each person and can be minor or serious. Serious risks can be immediate, short-term or long-term. If you wish to donate an organ, your health care professional can explain your risks.

Immediate risks

Risks that are present during or right after surgery are called immediate risks. Some immediate risks, such as infection, can be fatal. Other possible immediate risks of nondirected living organ donation are:

• Pain.
• Bleeding.
• Blood clots.
• Tissue or organ injury.
• Pneumonia.

Short-term risks

Short-term risks are present within a year or so after surgery. The short-term risks of nondirected living organ donation differ depending on the type of organ you donate. Your transplant team can explain the possible short-term risks of your procedure.

Long-term risks

Long-term risks are present anytime during life. Overall, long-term risks are few for living donors who are healthy. However, not every possible long-term risk is known, and each person's experience is different.

Some possible long-term risks of nondirected living organ donation are organ failure and mental health issues, such as anxiety and depression. You can lower your long-term risks by practicing healthy habits and seeing your transplant team and family healthcare professional for regular checkups.

Cómo prepararte

Becoming a nondirected living donor is an important decision. You should not feel pressured to donate, and you can change your mind at any time.

Together, you and your care team at the transplant center decide whether living donation is right for you. To do this, the care team runs tests to make sure you are healthy enough to donate. They also talk with you about the benefits and risks of organ donation and may ask you about your reasons for donating, your support network and your financial situation.

Making an informed decision

It's important that you learn as much as you can about nondirected living-donor transplant before becoming a donor. Some things you can do are:

• Read as much as you can about your procedure. Knowing what to expect before and after organ donation can help you feel more prepared.
• Talk with your primary healthcare professional. Ask about all the possible risks and benefits of donation. If you have chosen a transplant center, you also can ask your care team to answer questions.
• Join a support group or connect with other living donors. It can be comforting to talk with others who are considering organ donation or who have donated. It also can help you learn what to expect.

Choosing a transplant center

You may choose a transplant center, or your healthcare professional may help you choose one. Your insurance company also may have a list of preferred centers.

When choosing a transplant center, some things to think about are:

• Statistics. Check how many transplants the center does each year, including the number and type of transplant. You also can compare transplant center statistics through the database maintained by the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients.
• Survival rates. Consider the transplant center's survival rates for both organ donors and recipients.
• Technology and techniques. These give you information about the center's efforts to innovate and can show if the program is growing.
• Support services. Many transplant centers offer support and resources, such as support groups, travel accommodations, financial resources and lodging for recovery.

Lo que puedes esperar

Para ser donante de órganos no dirigido, tu centro de trasplante evaluará tu salud general y te realizará varios exámenes para determinar tu elegibilidad como donante vivo de órganos.

La amplia mayoría de las donaciones de órganos de donantes vivos no dirigidos implican donar un solo riñón. Es posible donar una parte del hígado como donante de órganos vivo no dirigido, pero esto es extremadamente raro por el riesgo que el procedimiento puede presentar para el donante.

Una vez que te aprueben como donante, se programará el procedimiento y se dispondrá la distribución del órgano a través del sistema de asignación de órganos establecido.

Se establecerá la compatibilidad entre el órgano donado y un candidato para trasplante sobre la base de diversos factores, entre ellos, la compatibilidad del órgano, la necesidad médica y el estado en la lista de espera.

Si la política del centro de trasplante lo permite y el receptor está de acuerdo, puedes optar por reunirte con el receptor o mantenerte en el anonimato.

Resultados

After your organ donation, it may take you a few days or weeks to get back to your typical routine. Recovery time can be different for each person, so be sure to have help from friends or family if needed.

You'll also need to schedule follow-up visits with your transplant team after you donate. Regular checkups help you and your healthcare team know how you're healing and whether you're healthy.

Most organ donors are happy with their decision to donate. But sometimes, organ donors may feel sad or regretful. If this happens to you, ask your transplant team for additional resources or support.