卡痛叶被宣传为一种帮助人们摆脱阿片类药物戒断症状的药物,但研究表明,它导致的健康问题比它解决的问题更多。
如果您长期服用羟考酮(Oxycontin、Roxicodone)等止痛药,您的身体就会逐渐习惯这些药物,并可能产生依赖。如果您对这些药物产生依赖,那么当您停止服药时,您可能会有不适的身体症状和体征,例如出汗、战栗和渴求。这个过程被称之为戒断,它可能会持续几天甚至几周。
由于戒断可能很难忍,所以许多人都在寻找能减轻这些症状的方法。多休息或做一些能分散注意力的事情,例如看电视,能使一些人在戒断过程中受益。还有一些人则试图通过服药或其他物质来减轻症状。
卡痛叶(Kratom)是一种东南亚常青树(美丽帽柱木)树叶的草本提取物,被作为戒断治疗物而推销。卡痛叶作为一种膳食补充剂销售,目前在美国未受管制,但是联邦机构在采取措施,打击与卡痛叶有关的虚假宣传。
在亚洲,人们使用少量的卡痛叶来缓解疲劳或治疗鸦片成瘾。世界其他地方的人也服用卡痛叶,缓解戒断症、增加活力、减轻疼痛或者缓解焦虑或抑郁。人们服用卡痛叶缓解戒断症状的原因是卡痛叶会唤起欣快感,而且可能比处方戒断药更容易获得。
因为卡痛叶或许可以缓解戒断症状,研究人员将其作为一种潜在的治疗方法进行了研究。证据表明,使用卡痛叶非但不能治疗成瘾和戒断症状,可能还会导致这些问题。
在一项研究中,服用卡痛叶超过六个月的人出现了与阿片类使用类似的戒断症状。长期使用卡痛叶的人可能会成瘾,需要与治疗阿片成瘾相同的药物,如丁丙诺啡 (Buprenex) 和纳洛酮 (Narcan、Evzio)。如果在怀孕期间使用卡痛叶,婴儿出生后可能出现先天性的戒断症状。
与止痛药和消遣性药物一样,卡痛叶也有可能服用过量。过量服用卡痛叶的治疗方法与阿片类过量服用的治疗方法相似,人们也遇到许多类似的治疗问题。卡痛叶已经造成至少 36 人死亡。尽管人们可能会享受卡痛叶产生的良好感觉,但并没有研究证明卡痛叶是阿片类戒断的有效治疗方法。
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July 02, 2022Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/diseases-conditions/prescription-drug-abuse/in-depth/kratom-opioid-withdrawal/art-20402170