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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><merged xmlns:dita-ot="http://dita-ot.sourceforge.net/ns/201007/dita-ot" id="GUID-e87b4174-8e6b-45f0-a192-72cc25e4e03a-en" xml:lang="zh" xtrf="file:/mnt/crx/author/crx-quickstart/profiles/ditamaps/ditamap2940096844119277542/hecs-ccms/zh_cn/HIL/conditions/g-i/hamstring-injury/hamstring-injury.ditamap"> <displayTitle>腘绳肌损伤</displayTitle> <featureTitle/> <listTitle/> <hecsConcept contentType="http://ontology.mayo.edu/ContentCategories/Overview" policy="did:mcid:PDkv3FCzsA4FPiHVvT1zRc;did:mcid:7AmKpSty59qW9PRkXPDxNB" reviewedOn="2022-12-09T06:00:00.000-06:00" workId="did:mcid:JopYNXV56SRDrP6jKfyUrq:2026-10-09" xml:lang="zh"> <title>overview hamstring injury</title> <titlealts> <titleSimple keyref="titleSimple-overview">概述</titleSimple> </titlealts> <conbody> <p product="mayoclinic.org"> <xref href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/about-this-site/meet-our-medical-editors" keyref="attrib-mayo-clinic-staff-link" scope="external">来自妙佑医疗国际员工</xref> </p> <conbodydiv platform="richtext"> <section> <p>腘绳肌损伤是指腘绳肌群中的一块肌肉扭伤或拉伤，腘绳肌群是大腿后侧一组由三块肌肉组成的肌群。这些肌肉通过肌腱附着在骨骼上。腘绳肌群起始于骨盆后下方的坐骨或股骨后侧，终止于小腿的胫骨。</p> <p>腘绳肌损伤常见于从事需要冲刺和急停急起运动的人群。这类运动包括足球、篮球、橄榄球和网球。跑步者（尤其是短跑者）和舞者也可能发生腘绳肌损伤。</p> <p>通常只需要采用自我护理措施（如休息、冰敷和止痛药）即可缓解腘绳肌损伤引起的疼痛和肿胀。在极少数情况下，需要通过手术修复腘绳肌群或肌腱。</p> </section> </conbodydiv> </conbody> </hecsConcept> <hecsConcept contentType="http://ontology.mayo.edu/ContentCategories/Symptoms" policy="did:mcid:PDkv3FCzsA4FPiHVvT1zRc;did:mcid:7AmKpSty59qW9PRkXPDxNB" reviewedOn="2022-12-09T06:00:00.000-06:00" workId="did:mcid:U693EC6t3JFJxUTZenLJ5X:2026-10-09" xml:lang="zh"> <title>symptoms hamstring injury</title> <titlealts> <titleSimple keyref="titleSimple-symptoms">症状</titleSimple> </titlealts> <conbody> <conbodydiv platform="richtext"> <section> <p>腘绳肌损伤通常会导致大腿后侧突发剧痛。可能还会有“爆裂”或撕裂的感觉。</p> <p>通常会在几个小时内出现肿胀和压痛。沿腿部后侧可能会有瘀伤或肤色变化。有些人会出现肌无力或伤腿无法承重。</p> </section> </conbodydiv> </conbody> </hecsConcept> <hecsConcept contentType="http://ontology.mayo.edu/ContentCategories/WhenToSeekCare" policy="did:mcid:PDkv3FCzsA4FPiHVvT1zRc;did:mcid:7AmKpSty59qW9PRkXPDxNB" reviewedOn="2022-12-09T06:00:00.000-06:00" workId="did:mcid:G77buy1QxGZ1P5vWtvVWhx:2026-10-09" xml:lang="zh"> <title>when to see a doctor hamstring injury</title> <titlealts> <titleSimple keyref="titleSimple-when-to-see-doctor">何时就医</titleSimple> </titlealts> <conbody> <p>轻度腘绳肌拉伤可在家中治疗。但是，如果受伤的腿无法承重，或行走超过四步就剧烈疼痛，则应前往医疗护理专业人员处就诊。</p> </conbody> </hecsConcept> <hecsConcept contentType="http://ontology.mayo.edu/ContentCategories/Causes" policy="did:mcid:PDkv3FCzsA4FPiHVvT1zRc;did:mcid:7AmKpSty59qW9PRkXPDxNB" reviewedOn="2022-12-09T06:00:00.000-06:00" workId="did:mcid:PpS6iGGnTLQ4TLCNnRABt1:2026-10-09" xml:lang="zh"> <title>causes hamstring injury</title> <titlealts> <titleSimple keyref="titleSimple-causes">病因</titleSimple> </titlealts> <conbody> <conbodydiv platform="richtext"> <section> <p>腘绳肌群是大腿后侧一组由三块肌肉组成的肌群，从臀部一直延伸至膝盖下方。肌肉通过肌腱附着在骨骼上。腘绳肌群让您能够将腿向后伸直和屈膝。任何一块肌肉拉伸或所承受负荷超过其极限，都可能导致损伤。</p> </section> </conbodydiv> </conbody> </hecsConcept> <hecsConcept contentType="http://ontology.mayo.edu/ContentCategories/RiskFactors" policy="did:mcid:PDkv3FCzsA4FPiHVvT1zRc;did:mcid:7AmKpSty59qW9PRkXPDxNB" reviewedOn="2022-12-09T06:00:00.000-06:00" workId="did:mcid:8K5yWuJazTBTfZMk3gCi3v:2026-10-09" xml:lang="zh"> <title>risk factors hamstring injury</title> <titlealts> <titleSimple keyref="titleSimple-risk-factors">风险因素</titleSimple> </titlealts> <conbody> <conbodydiv platform="richtext"> <section> <p>导致腘绳肌损伤的风险因素包括：</p> <ul> <li> <b>运动。</b> 需要冲刺或奔跑的运动更容易导致腘绳肌损伤。跳舞等需要极限拉伸的活动也可能导致腘绳肌损伤</li> <li> <b>以前有过腘绳肌损伤。</b> 发生过一次腘绳肌损伤的人更有可能再次出现腘绳肌损伤。对于在肌肉损伤尚未完全愈合时就试图恢复原有活动的人来说，尤其如此。</li> <li> <b>肌肉疲劳、肌肉无力、肌肉柔韧性差。</b> 肌肉疲劳或无力时更容易受伤。柔韧性较差的肌肉可能无法承受某些活动所需动作的力量。</li> <li> <b>肌肉力量失衡。</b> 肌肉力量失衡可能导致腘绳肌损伤。如果大腿前侧的肌肉（称为股四头肌）比腘绳肌更强壮、更发达，则腘绳肌群损伤的可能性更高。</li> <li> <b>年龄。</b> 受伤的风险会随着年龄的增长而增加。</li> </ul> </section> </conbodydiv> </conbody> </hecsConcept> <hecsConcept contentType="http://ontology.mayo.edu/ContentCategories/Complications" policy="did:mcid:PDkv3FCzsA4FPiHVvT1zRc;did:mcid:7AmKpSty59qW9PRkXPDxNB" reviewedOn="2022-12-09T06:00:00.000-06:00" workId="did:mcid:VQearsJKteBqZj64osqr6N:2026-10-09" xml:lang="zh"> <title>complications hamstring injury</title> <titlealts> <titleSimple keyref="titleSimple-complications">并发症</titleSimple> </titlealts> <conbody> <conbodydiv platform="richtext"> <section> <p>在腘绳肌群尚未完全愈合之前就开始进行劳累的活动可能会导致损伤复发。</p> <p>如果将肌肉附着于骨盆骨或胫骨的肌腱完全从骨面撕脱，腘绳肌将无法正常工作。可能需要手术来重新附着肌腱。</p> </section> </conbodydiv> </conbody> </hecsConcept> <hecsConcept contentType="http://ontology.mayo.edu/ContentCategories/Prevention" policy="did:mcid:PDkv3FCzsA4FPiHVvT1zRc;did:mcid:7AmKpSty59qW9PRkXPDxNB" reviewedOn="2022-12-09T06:00:00.000-06:00" workId="did:mcid:UAr6zQdS71864nH6kvgfvp:2026-10-09" xml:lang="zh"> <title>prevention hamstring injury</title> <titlealts> <titleSimple keyref="titleSimple-prevention">预防</titleSimple> </titlealts> <conbody> <conbodydiv platform="richtext"> <section> <p>保持良好的身体状况，定期进行拉伸和力量训练，有助于降低腘绳肌损伤的风险。尽量在运动前达到良好的身体状态，而不要试图通过运动来达到良好的身体状态。</p> <p>如果您从事体力工作，保持良好的身体状态有助于预防损伤。向医疗护理专业人员咨询适合定期进行的有助于避免损伤的良好运动方式。</p> </section> </conbodydiv> </conbody> </hecsConcept> <hecsConcept contentType="http://ontology.mayo.edu/ContentCategories/Diagnosis" policy="did:mcid:PDkv3FCzsA4FPiHVvT1zRc;did:mcid:7AmKpSty59qW9PRkXPDxNB" reviewedOn="2022-12-09T06:00:00.000-06:00" workId="did:mcid:LBHHovHWYP8ai8uaCKg7Cw:2026-10-09" xml:lang="zh"> <title>diagnosis hamstring injury</title> <titlealts> <titleSimple keyref="titleSimple-diagnosis">诊断</titleSimple> </titlealts> <conbody> <conbodydiv platform="richtext"> <section> <p>为了诊断腘绳肌损伤，医疗护理专业人员会对患者进行体格检查，查看大腿后侧是否存在肿胀和触痛。疼痛部位及其严重程度可提供有关损伤的有用信息。</p> <p>将受伤的腿移动到不同位置能帮助医疗护理专业人员确定哪块肌肉受伤，以及是否有韧带或肌腱损伤。</p> </section> <section> <title>影像学检查</title> <p>在严重的腘绳肌损伤中，肌肉可能撕裂，或者肌腱可能与骨盆或胫骨分离。发生这种情况时，可能会有小块骨骼被撕离主骨，称为撕脱性骨折。X 线检查可以查出是否有撕脱性骨折，而超声检查和 MRI 可以查出肌肉和肌腱是否有撕裂。</p> </section> </conbodydiv> </conbody> </hecsConcept> <hecsConcept contentType="http://ontology.mayo.edu/ContentCategories/Treatment" policy="did:mcid:PDkv3FCzsA4FPiHVvT1zRc;did:mcid:7AmKpSty59qW9PRkXPDxNB" reviewedOn="2022-12-09T06:00:00.000-06:00" workId="did:mcid:YA7mLFMnaQ3pMbkJ3uSHKR:2026-10-09" xml:lang="zh"> <title>treatment hamstring injury</title> <titlealts> <titleSimple keyref="titleSimple-treatment">治疗</titleSimple> </titlealts> <conbody> <conbodydiv platform="richtext"> <section> <p>治疗的首要目标是减轻疼痛和肿胀。医疗护理专业人员可能会提出以下建议：</p> <ul> <li> <b>暂时停止</b>剧烈活动，以让损伤愈合。</li> <li>每天<b>冰敷</b>数次，以减轻疼痛和肿胀。</li> <li>用压缩绷带<b>包扎受伤部位</b>或穿压缩短裤以减轻肿胀。</li> <li> <b>休息时，将腿抬高</b>至心脏部位以上（如果可能），以改善血流，减轻肿胀。</li> <li> <b>服用非处方止痛药。</b> 例如布洛芬（Advil、Motrin IB 等）和对乙酰氨基酚（Tylenol 等）。</li> </ul> <fig> <title>腘绳肌拉伸</title> <desc> <p>要伸展腘绳肌群，请将一条腿向前伸展，然后身体前倾，直到感觉大腿后侧在拉伸。换另一条腿重复此动作。不要弹振。</p> </desc> <image href="https://assets.mayoclinic.org/content/dam/hecs-ccms/global/images/hil-ccgs/DS01183-IM04753-mcdc7-hamstring-stretchthu-en.jpg" placement="inline"> <alt>腘绳肌拉伸</alt> </image> </fig> </section> <section> <title>物理疗法</title> <p>医疗护理专业人员或物理治疗师可以教您如何进行柔和的腘绳肌拉伸和力量训练。疼痛和肿胀消退后，医护团队会指导您如何通过锻炼增强力量。</p> </section> <section> <title>手术或其他医疗程序</title> <p>通过物理疗法，大多数腘绳肌部分撕裂可逐渐愈合，无需手术。如果肌腱已从骨盆或胫骨处撕脱，骨外科医生可以将其重新附着。严重的肌肉撕裂也可能需要通过手术进行修复。</p> <p>有一种新兴治疗方案是富血小板血浆（PRP）疗法。这种治疗方法需要采集自体血液样本，并分离出血小板和其他愈合因子。随后将富含血小板和愈合因子的溶液注射到受伤部位。研究人员仍在探索 PRP 的最佳使用方式，但其在肌肉损伤治疗中已展现出潜力。</p> </section> </conbodydiv> </conbody> </hecsConcept> <hecsConcept contentType="http://ontology.mayo.edu/ContentCategories/SelfCare" policy="did:mcid:PDkv3FCzsA4FPiHVvT1zRc;did:mcid:7AmKpSty59qW9PRkXPDxNB" reviewedOn="2022-12-09T06:00:00.000-06:00" workId="did:mcid:2UTFvVEXm8Pdx5CfFdoyXE:2026-10-09" xml:lang="zh"> <title>lifestyle and home remedies hamstring injury</title> <titlealts> <titleSimple keyref="titleSimple-lifestyle-and-home-remedies">自我护理</titleSimple> </titlealts> <conbody> <conbodydiv platform="richtext"> <section> <p>如要自己治疗轻微腘绳肌损伤，可以试试 R.I.C.E. 方法：</p> <ul> <li> <b>休息。</b> 休息一下，放松腘绳肌群，让受损组织得到恢复。避免任何会引起疼痛、肿胀或不适的活动。如果肌肉拉伤超过轻微程度，医疗护理专业人员可能会建议您使用拐杖，以避免受伤的腿负重。</li> <li> <b>冰敷。</b> 受伤后尽快冰敷受伤部位。受伤后的最初几天，在清醒状态下，每隔 2 到 3 个小时用冰袋冰敷受伤部位 15 到 20 分钟。冰敷可以减轻疼痛和肿胀。如有撕裂，冰敷也可以减缓出血。如果患有血管疾病、糖尿病或腿部感觉减退，请在冰敷前咨询医疗护理专业人员。</li> <li> <b>加压。</b> 用弹性绷带包扎腿部，直到肿胀消退。注意不要包扎得太紧。从离心脏最远处开始包扎。如果疼痛加剧，受伤部位出现麻木或包扎部位下方发生肿胀，则松开绷带。</li> <li> <b>抬高患处。</b> 坐着或躺着休息时抬高腿部。如有可能，把腿抬得比心脏高。</li> </ul> <p>非处方止痛药，如布洛芬（Advil、Motrin IB 等）和对乙酰氨基酚（Tylenol 等），可能也有帮助。几天后，开始轻轻地试着活动受伤的腿部。随着时间的推移，您的腿应该会逐渐恢复承重和活动能力，且不会疼痛。</p> </section> </conbodydiv> </conbody> </hecsConcept> <hecsConcept contentType="http://ontology.mayo.edu/ContentCategories/AppointmentPreparation" policy="did:mcid:PDkv3FCzsA4FPiHVvT1zRc;did:mcid:7AmKpSty59qW9PRkXPDxNB" reviewedOn="2022-12-09T06:00:00.000-06:00" workId="did:mcid:DqQLQTcNP6sZY6UqpNfCTf:2026-10-09" xml:lang="zh"> <title>preparing for your appointment hamstring injury</title> <titlealts> <titleSimple keyref="titleSimple-prep-for-appt">就诊准备</titleSimple> </titlealts> <conbody> <conbodydiv platform="richtext"> <section> <p>可以先咨询自己的医疗服务提供者。您可能会先咨询初级保健医务人员，并可能被转诊给从事运动医学或骨外科的专家。您可能会被转诊给运动医学或骨科手术方面的专家。</p> </section> <section> <title>您能做些什么</title> <p>列出以下内容：</p> <ul> <li>关于症状及其开始时间的所有信息。</li> <li>关于您的既往医疗问题的信息。</li> <li>您使用的所有药物和补充剂，包括相应剂量。</li> <li>您要向医护团队咨询的问题。</li> </ul> </section> <section> <title>医生可能会做什么</title> <p>医护团队可能会问下列问题：</p> <ul> <li>何时发生损伤，是怎么发生的？</li> <li>您有爆裂或撕裂的感觉吗？</li> <li>有哪些动作或姿势会减轻或加重疼痛？</li> </ul> </section> </conbodydiv> </conbody> </hecsConcept> <hecsReference contentType="http://ontology.mayo.edu/ContentCategories/References" policy="did:mcid:PDkv3FCzsA4FPiHVvT1zRc;did:mcid:7AmKpSty59qW9PRkXPDxNB" reviewedOn="2022-12-09T06:00:00.000-06:00" workId="did:mcid:2mmKFuMivJnh2pW8HWo6nq:2026-10-09" xml:lang="zh"> <title>references hamstring injury</title> <titlealts> <titleSimple keyref="titleSimple-references">参考文献</titleSimple> </titlealts> <prolog> <footnotes> <fn>Miller M, et al. Hamstring injuries. In: DeLee, Drez, &amp; Miller's Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: Principles and Practice. 5th ed. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Aug. 22, 2025.</fn> <fn>Fields KB, et al. Hamstring muscle and tendon injuries. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Aug. 22, 2025.</fn> <fn>Hamstring muscle injuries. OrthoInfo. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/hamstring-muscle-injuries. Accessed Aug. 22, 2025.</fn> <fn>Frontera WR, et al., eds. Hamstring strain. In: Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Musculoskeletal Disorders, Pain, and Rehabilitation. 4th ed. Elsevier; 2019. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Aug. 22, 2025.</fn> <fn>Hamstring strain. Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/injuries-poisoning/sports-injury/hamstring-strain. Accessed Aug. 22, 2025.</fn> </footnotes> </prolog> </hecsReference> <metadata> <hasPoCID>CON-20372967</hasPoCID> <primaryIdentifier>did:mcid:2152ssdJz82phZ5ZhZnwLy:1.17</primaryIdentifier> <workId>did:mcid:WM6EeBfQFfXMVs8h5iCHUN:2026-10-09</workId> <language>zh_cn</language> <publicationStatus>Done</publicationStatus> <issuedOn>2010-06-08T05:00:00.000-05:00</issuedOn> <reissuedOn>2026-09-04T00:00:00.000-05:00</reissuedOn> <mapPath>/content/dam/hecs-ccms/zh_cn/HIL/conditions/g-i/hamstring-injury/hamstring-injury.ditamap</mapPath> <manifestationID>did:mcid:VRgF7qSbZhd1zURSBDRcwA:2026-10-13-0347</manifestationID> <seoDescription>如果只有腘绳肌群的一块肌肉受伤，可能只需要休息和冰敷等自我护理措施。</seoDescription> <seoUrlKeyword>hamstring-injury</seoUrlKeyword> <policy>did:mcid:7AmKpSty59qW9PRkXPDxNB;did:mcid:PDkv3FCzsA4FPiHVvT1zRc</policy> <reviewedOn>2025-12-13T18:00:00.000-06:00</reviewedOn> <contentType>http://ontology.mayo.edu/ContentCategories/GeneralAudienceConditionGuide</contentType> <seoTitle/> <hideAppointmentButton>false</hideAppointmentButton> <hideThirdPartyAds>false</hideThirdPartyAds> <index>true</index> </metadata> </merged>