高剂量流感疫苗与其他流感疫苗有何不同？
回答 Pritish K. Tosh, M.D.
高剂量流感疫苗是一种获批用于年满 65 岁者的流感疫苗。这类疫苗可增强该年龄段人群的免疫系统来对抗流行性感冒，即通常所说的流感。
流感是一种呼吸系统感染性疾病，可引起鼻子、咽喉和肺部感染。流感可以通过接种疫苗加以预防。美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）建议年龄 6 个月及以上者每年都要接种一次流感疫苗。
一些高剂量流感疫苗所含的流感病毒抗原是标准流感疫苗的 3 至 4 倍，流感病毒抗原是疫苗中刺激免疫系统的成分。有一款推荐老年人使用的流感疫苗所含的抗原量与标准剂量疫苗相同。但其中添加一种称为“佐剂”的成分来增强免疫应答。
为何需要注射此疫苗？
CDC 收集的流感数据显示，标准剂量流感疫苗对 65 岁以上人群的效果不及对较年轻人群的效果。年满 65 岁及以上人群通常比其他人群更容易出现重症流感及并发症。该年龄段的流感相关住院率和死亡率通常高于较年轻的人群。
审视过去的流感季，研究人员发现对于预防 65 岁及以上人群的流感相关住院，高剂量流感疫苗通常比标准剂量流感疫苗更有效。研究还发现，在老年人群中，高剂量流感疫苗接种者的抗体水平高于标准剂量流感疫苗接种者。
但接种任何流感疫苗都比完全不接种要好。所以，如果您被批准接种高剂量流感疫苗，但无法获取该类疫苗，请接种能够获得的流感疫苗。与其他流感疫苗相似，高剂量流感疫苗每年都会更新，以预防即将到来的流感季节最可能流行的流感毒株。
是否有副作用？
在一项关于高剂量和标准剂量流感疫苗的大型比较研究中，高剂量疫苗接种者更有可能在接种疫苗后的一周内出现副作用。副作用可能包括：
- 头痛
- 注射部位酸痛、疼痛或变色
- 肌肉酸痛
- 感觉非常疲惫
With
Pritish K. Tosh, M.D.
显示参考文献
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Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/diseases-conditions/flu/expert-answers/fluzone/faq-20058032