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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><merged xmlns:dita-ot="http://dita-ot.sourceforge.net/ns/201007/dita-ot" id="GUID-14b24223-19c7-4934-9d11-088a34524be0-en" xml:lang="zh" xtrf="file:/mnt/crx/author/crx-quickstart/profiles/ditamaps/ditamap8431618910611465109/hecs-ccms/zh_cn/HIL/conditions/d-f/deviated-septum/deviated-septum.ditamap"> <displayTitle>鼻中隔偏曲</displayTitle> <featureTitle/> <listTitle/> <hecsConcept contentType="http://ontology.mayo.edu/ContentCategories/Overview" policy="did:mcid:PDkv3FCzsA4FPiHVvT1zRc" reviewedOn="2021-09-14T05:00:00.000-05:00" workId="did:mcid:PZGCsv9PCbSPAesjyfCcPn:2026-10-08" xml:lang="zh"> <title>overview deviated septum consumer</title> <titlealts> <titleSimple> <ph keyref="titleSimple-overview">概述</ph> </titleSimple> </titlealts> <conbody> <p product="mayoclinic.org"> <xref href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/about-this-site/meet-our-medical-editors" keyref="attrib-mayo-clinic-staff-link" scope="external">来自妙佑医疗国际员工</xref> </p> <conbodydiv platform="richtext"> <section> <p>两侧鼻腔之间的薄壁（称为鼻中隔）向一侧偏移时，会发生鼻中隔偏曲。鼻中隔偏离中心（称为偏曲），会导致一侧鼻腔变小。</p> <p>鼻中隔偏曲可能阻塞一侧鼻腔。气流减少可能导致呼吸困难。鼻中隔偏曲也可能导致一些患者的鼻子弯曲。</p> <p>药物可能会减轻鼻内肿胀。矫正鼻中隔偏曲需通过手术。</p> <fig> <title>鼻中隔偏曲</title> <desc> <p>两侧鼻腔之间的壁（称为鼻中隔）向一侧偏移时，就会出现鼻中隔偏曲。这会导致一侧鼻腔气道较另一侧窄。</p> </desc> <image href="https://assets.mayoclinic.org/content/dam/media/en/images/2023/04/13/deviated-septum.jpg" placement="inline"> <alt>鼻中隔偏曲</alt> </image> </fig> </section> </conbodydiv> </conbody> </hecsConcept> <hecsConcept contentType="http://ontology.mayo.edu/ContentCategories/Symptoms" policy="did:mcid:PDkv3FCzsA4FPiHVvT1zRc" reviewedOn="2021-09-14T05:00:00.000-05:00" workId="did:mcid:RQtrxaDtocNTwHz8tjdjZA:2026-10-08" xml:lang="zh"> <title>symptoms deviated septum consumer</title> <titlealts> <titleSimple> <ph keyref="titleSimple-symptoms">症状</ph> </titleSimple> </titlealts> <conbody> <conbodydiv platform="richtext"> <section> <p>大多数鼻中隔偏曲没有症状。您可能并不知道自己患有鼻中隔偏曲。但是，有时鼻中隔偏曲可能会导致以下症状：</p> <ul> <li> <b>一个或两个鼻孔堵塞。</b> 这种堵塞可能会使呼吸变得困难。您在感冒或过敏时，这种症状会更加明显，因为这会导致鼻腔肿胀和狭窄。</li> <li> <b>鼻出血。</b> 鼻中隔表面可能会变干。这会增加鼻出血的风险。</li> <li> <b>睡眠时呼吸声音大。</b> 鼻中隔偏曲或鼻内组织肿胀可能是睡眠时呼吸声音大的众多原因之一。</li> <li> <b>需要单侧侧卧睡眠。</b> 如果一侧鼻腔变窄，有些人会单侧侧卧睡眠，以易于夜间通过鼻子呼吸。</li> </ul> </section> </conbodydiv> </conbody> </hecsConcept> <hecsConcept contentType="http://ontology.mayo.edu/ContentCategories/WhenToSeekCare" policy="did:mcid:PDkv3FCzsA4FPiHVvT1zRc" reviewedOn="2021-09-14T05:00:00.000-05:00" workId="did:mcid:A9YYtW2gBgyPsN14U7TJ6G:2026-10-08" xml:lang="zh"> <title>seek care deviated septum consumer</title> <titlealts> <titleSimple> <ph keyref="titleSimple-when-to-see-doctor">何时就医</ph> </titleSimple> </titlealts> <conbody> <conbodydiv> <section> <p>如果出现以下情况，请前往医务人员处就诊：</p> <ul> <li>经治疗后仍未缓解的鼻塞。</li> <li>经常鼻出血。</li> </ul> </section> </conbodydiv> </conbody> </hecsConcept> <hecsConcept contentType="http://ontology.mayo.edu/ContentCategories/Causes" policy="did:mcid:PDkv3FCzsA4FPiHVvT1zRc" reviewedOn="2021-09-14T05:00:00.000-05:00" workId="did:mcid:HKU3ZLGbLVrYZhuTx8tAxX:2026-10-08" xml:lang="zh"> <title>causes deviated septum consumer</title> <titlealts> <titleSimple> <ph keyref="titleSimple-causes">病因</ph> </titleSimple> </titlealts> <conbody> <conbodydiv platform="richtext"> <section> <p>少数状况会引起鼻中隔偏曲。分隔左右鼻腔的薄壁（称为鼻中隔）被推向一侧时即发生鼻中隔偏曲。</p> <p>导致鼻中隔偏曲的因素包括：</p> <ul> <li> <b>先天性状况。</b> 在一些病例中，鼻中隔偏曲可发生于胎儿在子宫内时，出生时可被发现。</li> <li> <p> <b>鼻损伤。</b> 鼻中隔偏曲也可能因引起鼻中隔移位的损伤所致。</p> <p>在婴儿中，该损伤可能在分娩过程中发生。在儿童和成人中，各种各样的事故都可能会导致鼻损伤和鼻中隔偏曲。在接触性运动、摔跤等粗鲁游戏或车祸期间最常发生鼻创伤。</p> </li> </ul> <p>年龄增长会影响鼻结构，因此鼻中隔偏曲可能随时间推移而加重。</p> <p>感染引起的鼻腔或鼻窦肿胀和刺激可能使鼻腔进一步变窄，导致鼻塞。</p> </section> </conbodydiv> </conbody> </hecsConcept> <hecsConcept contentType="http://ontology.mayo.edu/ContentCategories/RiskFactors" policy="did:mcid:PDkv3FCzsA4FPiHVvT1zRc" reviewedOn="2021-09-14T05:00:00.000-05:00" workId="did:mcid:44B6qkJHiRMNXFyaqGGJre:2026-10-08" xml:lang="zh"> <title>risk factors deviated septum consumer</title> <titlealts> <titleSimple> <ph keyref="titleSimple-risk-factors">风险因素</ph> </titleSimple> </titlealts> <conbody> <conbodydiv platform="richtext"> <section> <p>鼻中隔偏曲可能存在多种风险因素。对有些人来说，出生时即患有鼻中隔偏曲，这发生于胎儿发育期间，或因分娩时受伤所致。出生后，鼻中隔偏曲最常见的诱因是致使鼻中隔移位的损伤。风险因素包括：</p> <ul> <li>进行接触性运动。</li> <li>乘坐机动车辆时不系安全带。</li> </ul> </section> </conbodydiv> </conbody> </hecsConcept> <hecsConcept contentType="http://ontology.mayo.edu/ContentCategories/Complications" policy="did:mcid:PDkv3FCzsA4FPiHVvT1zRc" reviewedOn="2021-09-14T05:00:00.000-05:00" workId="did:mcid:6jY7z62cHm5dmx83oDovZe:2026-10-08" xml:lang="zh"> <title>complications deviated septum consumer</title> <titlealts> <titleSimple> <ph keyref="titleSimple-complications">并发症</ph> </titleSimple> </titlealts> <conbody> <conbodydiv> <section> <p>引起鼻塞的严重鼻中隔偏曲可能会导致并发症，例如：</p> <ul> <li> <b>口腔干燥。</b> 这是用口呼吸导致的。</li> <li> <b>睡眠障碍。</b> 这是夜间无法通过鼻子顺畅呼吸导致的。</li> <li> <b>反复鼻出血。</b> 通过鼻孔的空气可能会使鼻中隔表面变干。</li> </ul> </section> </conbodydiv> </conbody> </hecsConcept> <hecsConcept contentType="http://ontology.mayo.edu/ContentCategories/Prevention" policy="did:mcid:PDkv3FCzsA4FPiHVvT1zRc" reviewedOn="2021-09-14T05:00:00.000-05:00" workId="did:mcid:U69L6iRc8rTJko5VveBE2q:2026-10-08" xml:lang="zh"> <title>prevention deviated septum consumer</title> <titlealts> <titleSimple> <ph keyref="titleSimple-prevention">预防</ph> </titleSimple> </titlealts> <conbody> <conbodydiv> <section> <p>为帮助预防可能导致鼻中隔偏曲的鼻损伤：</p> <ul> <li>参与接触性运动，如橄榄球和排球时，<b>戴头盔</b>或面中部面罩。</li> <li>乘坐机动车辆时，<b>系好安全带</b>。</li> </ul> </section> </conbodydiv> </conbody> </hecsConcept> <hecsConcept contentType="http://ontology.mayo.edu/ContentCategories/Diagnosis" policy="did:mcid:PDkv3FCzsA4FPiHVvT1zRc" reviewedOn="2021-09-14T05:00:00.000-05:00" workId="did:mcid:HuSiwSDuEu1Qf5iHfy9xWj:2026-10-08" xml:lang="zh"> <title>diagnosis deviated septum consumer</title> <titlealts> <titleSimple> <ph keyref="titleSimple-diagnosis">诊断</ph> </titleSimple> </titlealts> <conbody> <conbodydiv platform="richtext"> <section> <p>为了诊断鼻中隔偏曲，医务人员会进行体格检查。检查包括使用强光检查鼻子内部，有时会使用工具撑开鼻孔。如果需要，可以使用尖端带强光的长管状内窥镜检查鼻子后部深处。</p> </section> </conbodydiv> </conbody> </hecsConcept> <hecsConcept contentType="http://ontology.mayo.edu/ContentCategories/Treatment" policy="did:mcid:PDkv3FCzsA4FPiHVvT1zRc" reviewedOn="2021-09-14T05:00:00.000-05:00" workId="did:mcid:7fNjbDSRvfw2uQ58phtJWA:2026-10-08" xml:lang="zh"> <title>treatment deviated septum consumer</title> <titlealts> <titleSimple> <ph keyref="titleSimple-treatment">治疗</ph> </titleSimple> </titlealts> <conbody> <conbodydiv platform="richtext"> <section> <p>通过手术治疗引起症状的鼻中隔偏曲。手术是修复鼻中隔偏曲的唯一方法。没有症状的鼻中隔偏曲不需要治疗。</p> <p>如果过敏或鼻窦问题使症状恶化，医务人员可能建议使用减充血剂、抗组胺药或鼻用类固醇喷雾剂来控制症状。</p> </section> <section> <title>外科手术修复</title> <p>药物治疗后仍有症状的患者，可考虑通过手术矫正鼻中隔偏曲。这种手术称为鼻中隔成形术。</p> <p>在典型的鼻中隔成形术中，外科医生会将鼻中隔拉直并置于鼻子中央。外科医生可能需要切除部分鼻中隔，然后再将其重新置于合适位置。</p> </section> <section> <title>鼻重塑</title> <p>有时，在修复鼻中隔偏曲的同时，还会进行鼻重塑的手术（称为鼻成形术）。鼻成形术包括改造鼻子的骨头和软骨，以改变其形状或大小，或同时改变两者。</p> <fig> <title>鼻成形术的效果</title> <desc> <p>左图为一名女性在接受鼻成形术前的鼻子。右图为同一女性手术 1 年后的鼻子。</p> </desc> <image href="https://assets.mayoclinic.org/content/dam/media/en/images/2023/04/13/rhinoplasty-results.jpg" placement="inline"> <alt>鼻成形术的术前和术后效果对比</alt> </image> </fig> </section> </conbodydiv> </conbody> </hecsConcept> <hecsConcept contentType="http://ontology.mayo.edu/ContentCategories/AppointmentPreparation" policy="did:mcid:PDkv3FCzsA4FPiHVvT1zRc" reviewedOn="2021-09-14T05:00:00.000-05:00" workId="did:mcid:BPF5fhdfzoamGMQxToN7ys:2026-10-08" xml:lang="zh"> <title>prep appointment deviated septum consumer</title> <titlealts> <titleSimple> <ph keyref="titleSimple-prep-for-appt">就诊准备</ph> </titleSimple> </titlealts> <conbody> <conbodydiv> <section> <p>您可能需要先咨询家庭医疗护理专业人员。但您可能会被转诊给耳鼻喉科（ENT）专科医生。</p> <p>列出就诊时要问的问题，并准备好回答问题，有助于您充分利用就诊时间。</p> <p>对于鼻中隔偏曲，医务人员可能会询问的一些问题包括：</p> <ul> <li>您的鼻塞出现多久了？</li> <li>您发现鼻塞发生的频率如何？</li> <li>通过一侧鼻子呼吸是否比另一侧更困难？</li> <li>鼻塞是轻微的、中度的还是严重的？</li> <li>您的鼻子受过伤吗？</li> <li>您的鼻子过敏吗？</li> <li>您的嗅觉下降了吗？</li> <li>您有鼻窦炎问题吗？</li> <li>您有鼻出血吗？</li> <li>有什么情况会使鼻塞更严重吗？</li> <li>有什么情况会缓解症状吗？</li> <li>针对此状况您用过什么药物？</li> <li>针对此状况您目前正在服用什么药物？</li> <li>减充血喷雾有帮助吗？</li> <li>您每天都用减充血喷雾剂吗？</li> <li>使用鼻通气贴有帮助吗？</li> <li>您躺着的时候鼻塞更严重吗？</li> <li>您做过鼻部手术吗？</li> </ul> <p>您可能会问的一些问题包括：</p> <ul> <li>我的症状或状况可能是由什么导致的？</li> <li>最佳治疗方案是什么？</li> <li>我可以尝试哪些其他措施？</li> <li>我还有一些其他健康状况。我如何才能同时管理好这些状况？</li> <li>我需要限制活动吗？</li> <li>我是否应该咨询专科医生？</li> </ul> <p>请务必咨询关于您所患状况的所有问题。</p> </section> </conbodydiv> </conbody> </hecsConcept> <hecsReference contentType="http://ontology.mayo.edu/ContentCategories/References" policy="did:mcid:PDkv3FCzsA4FPiHVvT1zRc" reviewedOn="2021-09-14T05:00:00.000-05:00" workId="did:mcid:Rfw4TwoCg2k8U7trBCmqe7:2026-10-08" xml:lang="zh"> <title>references deviated septum consumer</title> <titlealts> <titleSimple keyref="titleSimple-references">参考文献</titleSimple> </titlealts> <prolog> <footnotes> <fn>Deviated septum. American Academy of Otolaryngology — Head and Neck Surgery. https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/deviated-septum/. Accessed March 13, 2023.</fn> <fn>Flint PW, et al., eds. Nasal septum. In: Cummings Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed March 13, 2023.</fn> <fn>Bhattacharyya N. Nasal obstruction: Diagnosis and management. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed March 13, 2023.</fn> <fn>Septal deviation and perforation. Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/nose-and-paranasal-sinus-disorders/septal-deviation-and-perforation?query=deviated%20septum. Accessed March 13, 2023.</fn> <fn>Malpani SM, et al. Deviated nasal septum a risk factor for the occurrence of chronic sinusitis. Cureus, 2022. doi:10.7759/cureus.30261.</fn> <fn>Wang MB. Etiologies of nasal symptoms: An overview. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. 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