双相障碍和酒精使用障碍之间是否有关联?
回答 Simon Kung, M.D.
双相障碍和酒精使用障碍(有时称为酗酒)经常相伴发生。虽然尚不清楚双相障碍和酒精使用障碍之间的关联,但下列因素可能起着作用:
- 基因。基因差异(不仅仅是单个基因)似乎会影响与双相障碍相关的大脑化学物质。父母或兄弟姐妹患有双相障碍,自身出现这种状况的风险也会增加。基因差异也可能影响大脑对酒精和其他药物的反应方式,从而增加酒精使用障碍和其他药物成瘾的风险。
- 抑郁症和焦虑症。有些患者会通过饮酒来缓解抑郁症、焦虑症以及双相障碍的其他症状。饮酒看似奏效,但从长远来看只会加重症状。这可能导致更多地饮酒,从而进入难以克服的恶性循环。
- 躁狂症。当情绪变得躁狂时,人们通常会感到异常兴奋,精力旺盛。他们可能过分自信,滔滔不绝,思绪纷飞,心神不定。这可能导致判断力下降。躁狂症患者更有可能去做平时不会做的事情。这也可能引发更为变本加厉地酗酒或滥用药物。
双相障碍和酒精使用障碍或其他类型的物质滥用并存,可能非常危险。每种状况都可能加重另一种状况的症状。而且,同时具有两种状况,会增加情绪波动、抑郁症、暴力行为和自杀的可能性。
如果您同时有双相障碍和酒精使用障碍或其他成瘾问题,您具有所谓的双重诊断。您可能需要去看心理健康专业人员,由擅长治疗这两种疾病的专家为您看诊。
如果您已无法控制酗酒或药物滥用问题,请在问题恶化和更难治疗之前寻求帮助。如果您还有双相障碍或其他心理健康状况的症状,请立即咨询心理健康专业人员。
显示参考文献
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May 24, 2024Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/diseases-conditions/bipolar-disorder/expert-answers/bipolar-disorder/faq-20057890