Loscalzo J, et al., eds. Arterial diseases of the extremities. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 21st ed. McGraw Hill; 2021. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Accessed March 18, 2022.
Sidawy AN, et al., eds. Acquired arteriovenous fistulas. In: Rutherford's Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy. 9th ed. Elsevier; 2019. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed March 18, 2022.
Eidt J, et al. Acquired arteriovenous fistula of the lower extremity. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed March 18, 2022.
Cameron AM, et al. Pseudoaneurysms and arteriovenous fistulas. In: Current Surgical Therapy. 13th ed. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed March 18, 2022.
Gossage JR, et al. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: Clinical features and diagnostic evaluation in adults. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed March 18, 2022.
Medical review (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. May 1, 2020.