Parents who have kids with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often have questions about food. Many parents have heard the idea that food additives, like artificial colors and sweeteners, can cause ADHD or worsen symptoms.
But is that true? And what does it mean for snack time?
Here are Mayo Clinic experts' answers to the most common questions about ADHD and food additives.
Do food additives cause ADHD?
No. Some studies suggest that certain food colorings and preservatives may make some children more hyperactive. But these studies are small. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) says the research doesn't clearly show that these ingredients directly cause ADHD symptoms.
Can food additives make ADHD worse?
Yes — in some cases. Some people may have allergies or sensitivities to food additives. For these people, eating foods that contain additives may worsen ADHD symptoms. If that's the case for your child, your care team may recommend dropping certain foods from your child's diet.
How do you know if a food has additives in it?
Countries differ on which food color additives, sometimes called food dyes, they'll allow in food and drinks and how they're labeled.
The FDA only requires that FDA-certified color additives be listed on the food label. You might see specific names of dyes on the label, like Yellow dye No. 5. Or it may simply say "color added."
Should kids with ADHD avoid food additives?
There's no specific diet recommended for people with ADHD. But if you suspect that your child has a sensitivity to food additives, talk with your child's pediatrician. Trying a diet that avoids these ingredients may help.
Make sure your doctor or a dietitian helps supervise the diet plan. A diet that eliminates too many foods may not be healthy because it may lack necessary vitamins and nutrients.
What should kids with ADHD eat?
There are plenty of reasons to avoid candy, cakes and frozen treats aside from the fact that they contain food additives. The best approach for overall health and nutrition is a diet that limits sugary and processed foods. Offer your child a diet that's rich in fruits, vegetables, grains, and healthy fats like olive oil and fish.