Edema pulmonar

Por el personal de Mayo Clinic
28 de agosto de 2026
  1. Mason RJ, et al. Pulmonary edema. In: Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 6th ed. Saunders Elsevier; 2016. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed April 2, 2022.
  2. Pinto DS, et al. Pathophysiology of cardiogenic pulmonary edema. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed April 2, 2022.
  3. Ferri FF. Pulmonary edema. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2022. Elsevier; 2022. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed April 2, 2022.
  4. Givertz MM. Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed April 2, 2022.
  5. Wemple M, et al. Neurogenic pulmonary edema. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed April 2, 2022.
  6. What is heart failure? National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/heart-failure. Accessed Sept. 11, 2020.
  7. Pulmonary edema. Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/heart-failure/pulmonary-edema. Accessed April 2, 2022.
  8. Tintinalli JE, et al., eds. High altitude disorders. In: Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 9th ed. McGraw Hill; 2020. http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Accessed Sept. 11, 2020.
  9. Din-Lovinescu C, et al. Systematic review of negative pressure pulmonary edema in otolaryngology procedures. The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology. 2020; doi:10.1177/0003489420938817.
  10. Giesenhagen AM, et al. High altitude pulmonary edema in children: A single referral center evaluation. Journal of Pediatrics. 2019; doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.02.028.
  11. What is ARDS? National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/ards. Accessed Sept. 11, 2020.
  12. What is the heart? National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/how-heart-works. Accessed Sept. 11, 2020.
  13. 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture. https://health.gov/our-work/food-nutrition/2015-2020-dietary-guidelines/guidelines. Accessed Sept. 11, 2020.
  14. Pulse oximetry. American Lung Association. http://www.lung.org/lung-health-and-diseases/lung-procedures-and-tests/pulse-oximetry.html. Accessed Sept. 11, 2020.
  15. What is coronary heart disease? National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/coronary-heart-disease. Accessed Sept. 11, 2020.
  16. Loscalzo J, et al., eds. Cardiogenic shock and pulmonary edema. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 21st ed. McGraw-Hill; 2022. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Accessed April 4, 2022.
  17. Conde MV, et al. Overview of the management of postoperative pulmonary complications. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed April 2, 2022.
  18. Levitzky MG. Blood flow to the lung. In: Pulmonary Physiology. 9th ed. McGraw Hill; 2018. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Accessed Sept. 14, 2020.
  19. Medical review (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. Sept. 15, 2020.
  20. Yancy CW, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA focused update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure. Circulation. 2017; doi:10.1161/CIR.0.