Testosterone therapy and testosterone supplements are often hyped as the ultimate cure to the reduced sexual desire common in aging men. Testosterone also is promoted as the answer to increased body fat, reduced muscle mass and lower energy levels.

But Mayo Clinic experts say not so fast. Lifestyle changes can be effective at increasing testosterone levels. And they can do so without side effects that are common with supplements or injections.

When to consider testosterone therapy

For some people, prescription-level testosterone therapy can be beneficial. It may be used in transgender men and in cisgender men who have medical conditions that reduce production of testosterone. These might include genetic or pituitary gland issues and damage from chemotherapy.

Health care professionals usually test testosterone levels to determine if therapy would be beneficial.

Testosterone therapy can come with side effects, though. People who undergo testosterone therapy may experience enlarged breasts, increased production of red blood cells and reduced sperm count.

Some men try testosterone boosters, which are supplements available without a prescription. They contain ingredients like fenugreek and zinc, which are associated with higher testosterone levels.

Health care professionals don't typically recommend boosters. These supplements are not regulated and can interact with medications. If you do try them, make sure your health care professional and pharmacist are aware.

Instead, health care professionals use testosterone therapy. These prescription solutions have a known amount of testosterone and can be monitored.