Cáncer

Por el personal de Mayo Clinic
23 de septiembre de 2026
  1. Cancer. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer. Accessed Feb. 16, 2021.
  2. Cancer stat facts: Cancer of any site. National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/all.html. Accessed Feb. 16, 2021.
  3. Symptoms of cancer. National Cancer Institute. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/symptoms. Accessed Feb. 16, 2021.
  4. Rock CL, et al. American Cancer Society guideline for diet and physical activity for cancer prevention. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 2020;doi:doi.org/10.3322/caac.21591.
  5. Niederhuber JE, et al., eds. Genetic and epigenetic alterations in cancer. In: Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. 6th ed. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Dec. 4, 2020.
  6. Ulcerative colitis. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/ulcerative-colitis/all-content. Accessed Feb. 16, 2021.
  7. Paraneoplastic syndromes information page. National Institute of Neurological Disorder and Stroke. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Paraneoplastic-Syndromes-Information-Page. Accessed Feb. 16, 2021.
  8. Deng GE, et al. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for integrative oncology: Complementary therapies and botanicals. Journal of the Society for Integrative Oncology. 2009;7:85.
  9. Taking time: Support for people with cancer. National Cancer Institute. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/taking-time. Accessed Feb. 16, 2021.
  10. The American Cancer Society, eds. The principles and drivers of cancer. In: The American Cancer Society's Principles of Oncology: Prevention to Survivorship. Wiley-Blackwell; 2018.
  11. Hypercalcemia (high level of calcium in the blood). Merck Manual Consumer Edition. https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/electrolyte-balance/hypercalcemia-high-level-of-calcium-in-the-blood#. Accessed Feb. 16, 2021.
  12. What is cancer? National Cancer Institute. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/what-is-cancer. Accessed Feb. 16, 2021.
  13. Cancer prevention overview (PDQ) — Health professional version. National Cancer Institute. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/hp-prevention-overview-pdq. Accessed Feb. 16, 2021.
  14. The genetics of cancer. National Cancer Institute. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics. Accessed Feb. 16, 2021.
  15. Understanding cancer risk. Cancer.Net. https://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/prevention-and-healthy-living/understanding-cancer-risk. Accessed Feb. 16. 2021.
  16. Cancer screening overview (PDQ) — Health professional version. National Cancer Institute. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/screening/hp-screening-overview-pdq. Accessed Feb. 16, 2021.
  17. How cancer is diagnosed. National Cancer Institute. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/diagnosis. Accessed Feb. 16, 2021.
  18. Cancer staging. National Cancer Institute. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/staging. Accessed Feb. 16, 2021.
  19. Making decisions about cancer treatment. Cancer.Net. https://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/how-cancer-treated/making-decisions-about-cancer-treatment. Accessed Feb. 16, 2021.
  20. How cancer is treated. Cancer.Net. https://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/how-cancer-treated. Accessed Feb. 16, 2021.