诊断
诊断肌阵挛时,医务人员会查看您的病史和症状,并进行体格检查。
您可能要接受一些检查来查找病因和排除引起肌阵挛的其他原因。某些病例可能需要进行影像学检查或神经检查。
治疗
治疗肌阵挛的最佳方法是消除引发疾病的问题。例如,治疗可能集中于导致肌阵挛的其他状况、药物或毒素。
但大多数情况下,潜在病因无法治愈或消除。在这些情况下,治疗旨在减少肌阵挛的症状,尤其是在这些症状导致失能的情况下。目前还没有专门用于治疗肌阵挛的药物。但其他疾病的治疗方法可能有助于缓解肌阵挛的症状。可能需要不止一种药物来控制症状。
药物
医务人员常开的治疗肌阵挛的药物包括:
治疗
A 型肉毒杆菌毒素(Botox)注射剂可帮助治疗各种形式的肌阵挛,特别是只有一个区域受影响的情况下。这种治疗可阻断一种化学信使的释放,这种信使会引发肌肉反复收缩。
外科手术
如果脑部或脊髓中的肿瘤或病变导致肌阵挛症状,可以选择进行外科手术。对于肌阵挛影响到面部或耳部的患者,也可从外科手术中受益。
有一些肌阵挛和其他运动障碍的患者尝试了脑深部刺激疗法。这涉及到在大脑的某些区域内植入电极。电极产生电信号,以阻断可能引起肌阵挛的不规则脉冲。研究人员会继续研究脑深部刺激对肌阵挛的作用。
准备您的预约
You're likely to see your healthcare professional. Your health professional might then refer you to a specialist trained in nervous system conditions, called a neurologist.
Here's some information to help you get ready for your appointment and to know what to expect.
What you can do
- Be aware of any pre-appointment restrictions, and ask if there's anything you need to do in advance.
- Write down a list of your symptoms, noting if there's anything that seems to trigger them or make them better.
- Make a list of all your medicines, including any vitamins or supplements, and doses.
- Write down questions to ask your healthcare professional, including questions about possible causes and treatments.
Your time with your healthcare professional is limited, so preparing a list of questions ahead of time may help you make the most of your time together. For myoclonus, some basic questions to ask include:
- What's the most likely cause of my symptoms? Are there other possible causes?
- What kinds of tests do I need?
- Is my condition likely short term or long lasting?
- What is the best course of action?
- What are the alternatives to the primary approach that you're suggesting?
- I have other health conditions. How can I best manage them together?
- Are there any restrictions that I need to follow?
- Are there any brochures or other printed material that I can take home with me? What websites do you recommend visiting?
In addition to the questions that you've prepared, don't hesitate to ask questions during your appointment at any time that you don't understand something.
医生可能做些什么
医务人员可能会询问您一些问题。准备好回答这些问题或许可以给您留出时间,以便深入讨论您想讨论的问题。他们可能会问您:
- 您什么时候开始出现症状?
- 您是否有癫痫发作或其他神经状况疾病病史?
- 您是否接触过药物或化学药品?
- 您有肌阵挛或癫痫家族病史吗?
- 您的症状是持续存在还是偶尔出现?
- 您的症状有多严重?
- 有没有什么情况会改善您的症状?
- 有没有什么因素似乎会加重您的症状?