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Many people experience voice problems that do not go away by clearing the throat. There are many causes of voice disorders, most of which originate with the vocal cords (vocal folds). Mayo Clinic treats voice disorders, from laryngitis to conditions that require surgery, and Mayo's experience with voice preservation and restoration techniques is unparalleled. Mayo Clinic is one of the few medical institutions to offer all types of thyroplasty, a surgical treatment for vocal cord paralysis and other voice disorders.
The treatment team for voice disorders at Mayo Clinic is usually led by a physician from Otorhinolargyngology (ENT) who specializes in voice problems. The ENT physician works closely with speech pathologists, allergists, gastroenterologists, endocrinologists and neurologists, depending on the patient's problem. This comprehensive team of specialists develops a voice disorder treatment plan for each individual.
People develop vocal disorders for many reasons, from vocal abuse to allergies or sometimes cancer. Mayo Clinic doctors have many diagnostic tools to help determine the cause of a voice disorder. Diagnosis of voice disorders starts with a detailed history and a thorough physical examination. Read more about voice disorders diagnosis.
Mayo Clinic doctors recommend one or more treatments for voice disorders: hygiene and hydration, medications, injections or surgery. Depending on the diagnosis, a team of specialists works together to provide the most comprehensive treatment. Read more about voice disorders treatment options.
The voice box (larynx) consists of cartilage, muscle and mucous membranes situated at the top of the windpipe (trachea) and the base of the tongue. Sound is produced when nerves signal the vocal folds to move toward each other and close; as air leaves the lungs, mucous membrane lining the vocal folds vibrate. The vocal cords are also responsible for helping to close the voice box during swallowing to prevent aspiration.
The quality of the voice depends on the condition and function of the vocal folds. If the vocal folds become inflamed, develop growths or become paralyzed, they cannot function properly. This can result in a voice disorder.
Voice disorders include:
For a variety of reasons, one vocal cord may become paralyzed and stop moving. If swallowing problems persist for months, a vocal cord medialization procedure may be helpful. Read more about vocal cord paralysis.
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