Suspicious Breast Lumps

Types

Women may find several types of breast lumps at various times during the monthly cycle. Noncancerous lumps can be caused by cysts, fibrocystic breast changes, fibroadenomas, infections, and injuries.

Cysts are fluid-filled sacs caused by a dilated milk duct. They feel round, smooth and hard or firm and may move slightly when pressed. They may be tiny or large, and the surrounding area may be tender.

The presence of cysts may be related to the menstrual cycle, appearing before a period and disappearing afterwards. Cysts may be more common in women over age 40, due to hormonal fluctuations as a woman approaches menopause. Cysts generally disappear after menopause.

Nearly half of all women experience fibrocystic breast changes with their period. Fibrocystic changes include feelings of fullness in the breast tissue, areas of thickening, increased lumpiness, presence of cysts, and tenderness or pain. Such signs and symptoms disappear or subside after menstruation. Although the cause of fibrocystic breast changes is unknown, some evidence links the condition to hormone fluctuation related to the menstrual cycle.

Fibroadenomas are benign tumors that arise from glandular and connective tissues. They are often round, rubbery and firm to the touch and are usually painless. They can enlarge during pregnancy and shrink after menopause. Fibroadenomas are usually found in women under 40 and are more common among African-American women.

Infections and injuries in breast tissue or a severe injury to breast tissue or nearby nerves can create a lump. Treatment can include warm compresses, over-the-counter pain medication, and in some cases, antibiotics. When a lump does not go away, medical evaluation is necessary.

Sometimes a lump signals breast cancer. These lumps are usually painless, hard, and irregular. The skin over the lump may appear red, dimpled, or pitted like the skin of an orange. There may be a discharge from the nipple, or the breast may change in size or shape.