Obstetrics & Gynecology in Minnesota

Premature Ovarian Failure (Early Menopause)

Premature ovarian failure is cessation of menstrual periods due to the loss of eggs (oocytes) before the age of 40. Early menopause may be due to such factors as genetics, autoimmune disorders, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery or exposure to toxic substances. The diagnosis of early menopause is made by a blood test for FSH. The FSH test is elevated in menopause.

If premature ovarian failure occurs at a young age a karyotype is often performed to identify chromosomes. In some cases it is recommended to remove the ovaries based on the chromosomes. If the chromosomes are normal other blood tests may be performed to rule out autoimmune disorders of the adrenal, parathyroid, thyroid, pancreas and gastrointestinal tract.

Although pregnancies have been described in women with premature ovarian failure while on estrogen replacement therapy this is rare. The use of fertility medications is mostly unsuccessful. Options for pregnancy include donor oocytes, donor embryos and adoption.

The risks of early menopause are similar to later menopause and are related to estrogen deficiency. Symptoms may include hot flashes, mood swings, vaginal dryness, loss of sex drive, anxiety and difficulty sleeping. Risks of early menopause include bone loss and heart disease which may be reduced by the use of hormone replacement therapy combined with calcium and exercise.