Rectal Prolapse

Overview

In rectal prolapse, the rectum loses its internal support and completely falls outside the body. Each year, specialists at Mayo Clinic treat more than 300 patients for rectal prolapse. In most cases, patients are diagnosed and treatment is begun, including surgery if necessary, in three to four days. Colon and rectal surgeons and gastroenterologists work closely together to evaluate patients with rectal prolapse and determine the most appropriate treatment. Not all patients with this condition require an operation. In many cases, surgery can be done with a minimally invasive approach.

Diagnosis

Mayo offers the latest in screening and diagnostic services for rectal prolapse. Diagnostic tools include anorectal exams, videodefecograms, manometry tests, and colonoscopies. These help physicians determine if an operation is necessary. Read more about rectal prolapse diagnosis.

Treatment Options

In its early stages, rectal prolapse can be treated with stool softeners, suppositories and other medical treatments. But surgery is usually necessary to repair this condition. Mayo Clinic surgeons use two different procedures to correct rectal prolapse — sigmoid resection and rectopexy, or perineal proctectomy. Read more about rectal prolapse treatment options.

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About Rectal Prolapse

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Rectal prolapse occurs when the rectum (the final section of the large intestine) turns itself inside out and protrudes out the anal opening. An internal (incomplete) prolapse refers to an early stage, before the rectum protrudes from the anal opening. Symptoms include fecal soiling and incontinence and anal bleeding.

Rectal prolapse is found in older adults, especially postmenopausal women and sometimes in children ages 1 to 3. Rectal prolapse in infants can be a sign of cystic fibrosis.