Canes, Walkers: These Tools Are Made for Walking

Tuesday, March 10, 2009

ROCHESTER, Minn. — When walking is difficult because of arthritis, balance problems, pain or injury, don't avoid a cane or walker because they are dreaded symbols of old age. Instead, consider the devices as a way to help avoid injury and maintain independence.

The March issue of Mayo Clinic Women's HealthSource offers tips for selecting and using canes and walkers:

Canes: Canes provide balance and support for walking, handling up to 25 percent of their body weight. Many types of canes are available. Aluminum ones are adjustable; wooden canes must be cut to fit. For everyday use, a hooked, or candy cane-style, cane probably won't be the most comfortable. A swan neck handle, which is flatter and puts the user's weight directly over the cane's shaft, likely will feel better.

For appropriate fit, the top of the cane should reach the crease of the wrist when the user is standing up straight with arms hanging comfortably. Using a cane that's too long puts strain on the arms, shoulders and back muscles. Too short, a cane throws off balance.

Normally, a cane is held in the hand opposite of the weaker side. With weight on the stronger leg, the cane and the weak leg swing and strike the ground at the same time. When a cane is needed primarily for stability, it can be held in either hand.

Walkers: Walkers provide a wider base of support and stability for balance and walking than do canes. Walkers, which can support up to 50 percent of the body weight, are especially helpful for moderately severe balance and gait problems, or when there's a risk of falling.

Walkers are available with two, four or no wheels. Two is best when the user places a moderate amount of weight on the walker. The legs without wheels help prevent the walker from rolling away. For those who don't have to lean on the walker, four wheels may make it easier to move about. A standard walker — no wheels — provides the most stability.

For fit, the top of the walker should come to the crease in the wrist when standing straight up with arms at the sides. A poorly fitted walker can be difficult to use, causing back pain or, worse, increased risk of falling.

Canes and walkers are available at medical supply stores, drugstores and discount retailers. It's a good idea to try several styles before making a decision. In most cases, at least some of the cost of assistive devices is reimbursed through Medicare and other insurers.

Adapting to a cane or walker takes time and may require a shift in self-concept. Attitude about the device — as a help not a hindrance — can be as important as the device itself.

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