A mesenteric endarterectomy is used to treat mesenteric ischemia. (A) During the endarterectomy your surgeon makes an incision in the aorta. (B) The surgeon opens the aorta to reach the arteries and remove the buildup or blood clots from them. (C) Removing the plaque opens the arteries and improves blood flow. (D) The surgeon then closes the aorta.