Melanoma

Glossary of Terms Related to Melanoma

At risk — Used to describe a person whose first-degree relative (parent, brother, sister, or child) or second-degree relative (grandparent, aunt, uncle, grandchild) has a genetic disorder, but it is not yet known if the individual in question inherited the genetic condition. The individual is therefore described as being "at risk" for the condition.

Atypical mole — A mole that, when examined under the microscope, does not conform to what is considered normal, but yet is not a melanoma.

Biopsy — A procedure in which a small tissue sample, especially from the skin, is removed from the body to detect cancer or other abnormal cells.

Cancer — A general term for various illnesses characterized by growth of abnormal or malignant cells. Some cancers exist quietly within the body for years without causing a problem. Others are aggressive, rapidly forming tumors that may invade and destroy surrounding tissue.

Complete skin examination — A skin examination that involves a physician viewing areas that are usually exposed and more difficult-to-view skin areas such as between the buttocks, on the scalp, on the palms and soles of the feet, and between the toes and fingers.

DNA — The abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid. One of two nucleic acids (the other is RNA) found in the nucleus of all cells. DNA holds genetic information on cell growth, division, and function.

Dysplastic mole — A mole that is considered abnormal based on color, size and/or shape.

Genes — The "markers" that carry traits from parents to children. A segment of a DNA molecule located on a chromosome that contains genetic information.

Genetic predisposition — Inheritance of a change in one or more genes that increases the chance that a person will develop a particular problem. A genetic predisposition does not mean a person is certain to develop that problem.

Lesion — An abnormal change in tissue due to disease or injury.

Melanocytes — The pigment-producing cells in the skin that make up moles and freckles, create pigment during tanning, and become malignant in melanoma.

Mutation — A permanent change in the genetic material, usually in a single gene.

Nevus — Another name for a common mole.

Screening — The search for disease, such as cancer, in people without symptoms. Screening may refer to coordinated programs in large populations.