Cardiovagal function tests in a patient with diabetes

Cardiovagal function tests, deep breathing and Valsalva maneuver, in a patient with diabetes. Of note, the patient lacks a heart rate response and has a less well-developed blood pressure profile than the healthy patient in figures C and D. Green indicates heart rate; pink, mean blood pressure; blue, respiration to monitor effort; yellow, expiratory effort during Valsalva maneuver.