Brachial Plexus Injuries

Diagnosis

The initial patient evaluation should occur as early as possible (preferably within one month) following injury, or as soon as stabilization after the trauma permits. The examination will consist of:

• Thorough medical history and physical examination
• X-rays
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) — MRI involves the use of a powerful magnetic field, radiofrequency pulses and a computer to produce detailed images of internal body structures.
• Myelogram — Special dye that absorbs X-rays is injected into the spinal fluid. The resulting X-ray or computer topography (CT) picture shows whether spinal roots are injured at the spinal cord level.
• Electromyogram (EMG or electromyography) — A thin needle electrode is inserted into the muscles that appear to be affected by a nerve injury. An instrument records the electrical activity in the muscle at rest and as the muscle moves (contracts).
• Nerve conduction study — This test, performed with an EMG, measures how quickly nerves are carrying electrical signals to the muscles or skin.