Acute Leukemia

Diagnosis

Mayo Clinic hematologists spend considerable time with patients in order to understand their problem. The first step is a careful interview and physical examination. General tests can determine whether the leukemia affects internal organs. Conclusive diagnosis requires blood tests and a bone marrow biopsy.

Bone Marrow Biopsy

A needle can safely be inserted into a bone in the back of the pelvis, and a sample of bone marrow collected for examination. Bone marrow biopsy is a relatively minor procedure that can be performed with either a local anesthetic (numbing medication) or with light anesthesia to eliminate any pain and discomfort associated with the procedure.

Symptoms of Acute Leukemia

Acute leukemia causes an abnormal buildup of immature cells in the bone marrow. This condition lowers a patient's blood count and can cause these symptoms:

• Fever
• Infections
• Fatigue
• Shortness of breath
• Bleeding

Often the immature cells in the bone marrow can enter the bloodstream and elevate the white blood count. Once acute leukemia is diagnosed, it usually requires prompt treatment.